Globalization and Westernization: Theory and Measurement

edward CrenshawPamela Paxton俄亥俄州立大学全球化及其影响是国际社会科学中最具争议的话题之一，但对于全球化是什么没有达成一致意见，也很少有人尝试以实证的方式衡量这一概念。在这个项目中，我们的主要目标是在许多国家推进全球化和相关概念西方化的比较衡量。pi将使用由多个指标组成的理论驱动的经验模型来挖掘全球化和西方化的潜在结构作为国家属性。高阶验证性因素分析将包括全球化的三个理论维度：经济全球化、政治全球化和社会文化全球化，以及全球化的总体、总结措施。对密切相关的西方化概念的衡量将使用同样的方法，但采用一组不同的变量。鉴于全球范围内的经济扩张，pi预计随着时间的推移，普遍全球化和西方化将出现分歧，该项目将为该主题的后续研究提供基线。将在大约1975年、1985年和1995年三个时期内完成对大约150个国家的分析。将这些测量方法扩展到几十年之后，可以进行纵向分析，从而使研究人员能够考虑全球化（和/或西方化）和其他社会结构之间的相互影响。此外，虽然样本和指标将受到更多限制，但主要分析也将采用关系（即网络）措施。全球化每一层面的网络措施将提供关于特定国家的嵌入性的更具体的信息，并有助于确定全球分层系统的形状。全球化和西方化的措施将通过公共数据档案提供。这些措施的公开访问将使研究人员能够使用共同指标来调查全球化与国际社会科学中其他实质性主题之间的关系。美国的经济、文化和政治问题日益融入全球化的世界，更好的衡量和理解全球化进程的技术将有助于为国际政策和辩论提供信息。

SES-0318367Edward CrenshawPamela Paxton Ohio State University Globalization and its effects are among the most controversial topics in international social science, but no agreement exists on what globalization is, and few attempts have been made to empirically measure the concept. Our primary goal in this project is to advance the comparative measurement of globalization and the related concept, westernization, across a large number of countries. The PIs will use theory-driven empirical models comprised of multiple indicators to tap the latent constructs of globalization and westernization as country attributes. Higher-order confirmatory factor analyses will include three theoretical dimensions of globalization: economic globalization, political globalization, and socio-cultural globalization, as well as an overarching, summary measure of globalization. The measure of the closely related concept of westernization will use the same methodology with a different set of variables. Given economic expansion around the globe, the PIs expect a bifurcation of generalized globalization and westernization over time, and the project will provide a baseline for subsequent research on this topic. Analyses will be completed on approximately 150 countries over three time periods: circa 1975, 1985 and 1995. Extending the measures over multiple decades permits longitudinal analysis, thereby allowing researchers to consider reciprocal effects between globalization (and/or westernization) and other social constructs. Also, while samples and indicators will be more constrained, the main analyses will also employ relational (i.e., network) measures. Network measures for each dimension of globalization will provide more specific information about the embeddedness of particular countries and help determine the shape of the global stratification system. The measures of globalization and westernization will be made available through a public data archive. Public access to the measures will allow researchers to use common indicators to investigate relationships between globalization and other substantive topics in international social science. US economic, cultural and political issues are increasingly embedded within a globalized world and better techniques for measuring and understanding processes of globalization will help to inform international policy and debates.