Karl Jordan and International Organization in Entomology 1910-1955: Ordering Natural and Disciplinary Diversity

项目摘要SES 0328634本项目由简·麦恩斯钦赞助，由克里斯汀·约翰逊担任博士后，将研究昆虫学家卡尔·乔丹在二十世纪上半叶作为国际主义者的工作。基于他在世纪之交昆虫学作为一门学科的无组织状态和科学中民族主义的破坏性影响的经验，卡尔·乔丹于1910年成立了第一届国际昆虫学大会。在接下来的四十年里，他指导了大会，领导了第一次和第二次世界大战后昆虫学友谊和会议的恢复。他的坚持不仅是因为他坚信大会对昆虫学的成功至关重要，而且是因为他坚信科学家可以在所有人类事务中引领和平与团结的道路。但是，随着约旦在国际会议上将昆虫学家聚集在一起，自然历史工作中存在的各种优先事项，方法和传统变得显而易见。而来自彼此卷入紧张政治对抗的国家的昆虫学家往往发现，把他们作为国家一员的感情留在大会会场之外是非常困难的。科学的基本原则之一是，对自然界知识的探索是一项超越政治和信仰的任务，几个世纪以来，科学确实是国民之间互动、交流和友谊的源泉。但是，科学史学家对民族主义和世界政治对科学的影响的研究表明，科学纯洁性假设背后的谎言。国际主义的历史研究以及世界大战和冷战对科学家的影响。国际网络主要侧重于物理科学。本项目将通过密切关注卡尔·乔丹对科学国际化的贡献来研究生命科学的不同之处。乔丹希望他的同事们不仅通过这些偶尔的国际会议来改善昆虫学的状况，而且作为参与寻找真理的科学家，向世界其他地方展示如何搁置分歧，支持合作。约旦和他的同事们在这些努力的成功和失败的历史背景的分析将提供科学和社会之间的不断相互作用，以及参与者生活的文化，社会和政治环境如何影响科学学科的历史的宝贵研究。该项目将在亚利桑那州州立大学进行，在那里，共同PI克里斯汀约翰逊将与越来越多的历史学家，哲学家和科学社会学家的Jane Maienschein指导下，谁将作为PI负责提供机构支持和一个活跃的知识界为这个项目。在Maienschein的领导下，亚利桑那州立大学目前正在将生命科学重组为生命科学学院。新学校将容纳生物学的人类层面，包括一个新的生物学和社会中心，也由Maienschein指导。该中心将包括不断增长的历史和科学哲学，生物学和社会，生物伦理学和法律课程。HPS社区由10位博士组成。从事生命科学或密切相关领域研究的训练有素的学者。此外，亚利桑那州立大学在自然历史和实地科学以及系统学方面具有很大的优势，拥有丰富的昆虫收藏和相关研究项目。这是一个理想的地方，这项研究，这将导致至少两篇论文的国际科学和完整的传记卡尔约旦作为一个国际生物学家。

Project AbstractSES 0328634This project, undertaken as a post-doctorate by Kristin Johnson under the sponsorship of Jane Maienschein, will examine the entomologist Karl Jordan's work as an internationalist during the first half of the twentieth century. Based on his experiences with the unorganized state of entomology as a discipline at the turn of the century and with the disruptive effects of nationalism in science, Karl Jordan founded the first International Congress of Entomology in 1910. He guided the congresses over the course of the next four decades, leading the recovery of both entomological friendships and meetings after the first and second world wars. His persistence was inspired not only by his firm belief in the congresses as important to the success of entomology, but the internationalist belief that scientists could lead the way toward peace and unity in all human affairs. But as Jordan brought entomologists together at international congresses, the diverse range of priorities, methods, and traditions present among natural history work became apparent. And entomologists from nations involved in tense political confrontations with each other often found it more than difficult to leave their feelings as members of nations outside the walls of the congress venues. It has been one of the fundamental tenets of science that the search for knowledge about the natural world is a task beyond politics and creed, and science has indeed been the source of interaction, exchange, and friendships between nationals for centuries. But examinations by historians of science of the impact of nationalism and world politics on science have demonstrated the falsity behind assumptions of scientific purity. Historical studies of internationalism and the effect of the world wars and the cold war on scientists. International networks have primarily focused on the physical sciences. This project will examine the ways in which the life sciences are different by looking closely at the contributions of Karl Jordan to the internationalization of science. Jordan hoped that his colleagues would not only improve the state of entomology by these occasional international meetings, but also, as scientists involved in the search for truth, show the rest of the world how to put differences aside in favor of cooperation. An analysis of the historical context of Jordan and his colleagues' successes and failures in these endeavors will provide a valuable study of the constant interplay between science and society, and how the cultural, social, and political context in which participants live influences the history of scientific disciplines. The project will take place at Arizona State University, where co-PI Kristin Johnson will work with the growing community of historians, philosophers, and sociologists of science directed by Jane Maienschein, who will take responsibility as PI for providing institutional support and a lively intellectual community for this project. Under Maienschein's leadership, Arizona State University is currently reorganizing the Life Sciences into a School of Life Sciences. The new School will house the Human Dimensions of Biology, including a new Center for Biology and Society also directed by Maienschein. That Center will include growing History and Philosophy of Science, Biology and Society, Bioethics, and Law programs. The HPS community consists of ten Ph.D. trained scholars pursuing research the life sciences or closely related fields. In addition, ASU has great strengths in the natural historical and field sciences and in systematics, with rich insect collections and related research programs. It is an ideal place for this study, which will result in at least two papers on international science and a full-length biography of Karl Jordan as an international biologist.