PEET: Bacterial Taxonomy: Classical and Molecular-Based Monographic Research on the Aquificales

在波特兰州立大学雷森巴赫教授及其美国和国外同事的监督下，细菌分类学的研究和培训将通过增强分类学专业知识的伙伴关系得到支持。经典和基于分子基因组方法的培训将重点关注 Aquificales 细菌，这种细菌来自世界各地的热液环境，包括海洋喷口和陆地温泉。这些细菌通常在非常热的环境中通过利用矿物质的新型氧化和还原反应来支持其生长，因此被称为化能自养生物。在实验室培养这些生物体以进行详细的代谢研究是困难且耗时的，雷森巴赫教授是世界上为数不多的在这一领域知识渊博且取得成功的专家之一。来自世界各地的文化和收藏品已被收集起来供她和她的学生使用，并将通过探索黄石公园以及俄罗斯、新西兰、亚速尔群岛和其他地方的海洋和温泉地区的同事提供的额外材料进行扩充。 细菌的全基因组测序正在产生大量的DNA序列和基因数据，包括Aquificales的成员，对这些数据的比较分析能够重建基因和生物体之间的系统发育关系，并确定允许它们在极端环境中生存和多样化的特殊代谢活动。学生将学习比较系统基因组学和现代细菌系统学的全套技术，以及新颖的培养程序。此外，“黄石微生物”计划下针对学校教师和公众的短期课程将有助于现代微生物分类学的持续教育。

Research and training in bacterial taxonomy will be supported through the Partnerships for Enhancing Expertise in Taxonomy activity, under the supervision of Prof. Reysenbach at Portland State University and her colleagues in the U.S. and abroad. Training in classical and molecular genome-based approaches will focus on bacteria of the order Aquificales, known from hydrothermal environments around the world, including marine vents and terrestrial hotsprings. These bacteria support their growth through novel oxidative and reductive reactions utilizing minerals, usually in very hot environments, and are hence known as chemolithoautotrophs. The laboratory culturing of these organisms, for detailed metabolic studies, is difficult and time consuming, and Prof. Reysenbach is one of the few experts in the world knowledgeable and successful in this enterprise. Cultures and collections from all over the world have been assembled for her use and that of her students, and will be augmented with additional materials from colleagues exploring marine and hotspring localities in Yellowstone and in Russia, New Zealand, the Azores, and elsewhere. Whole-genome sequencing of bacteria is producing a wealth of DNA sequence and gene data, including members of the Aquificales, and the comparative analysis of these data enables reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships among the genes and the organisms and determination of the peculiar metabolic activities that permit them to live and diversify in extreme environments. Students will learn a full range of technologies for comparative phylogenomics and for modern bacterial systematics, as well as novel culturing procedures. As well, short courses targeted to school teachers and the public under the "Yellowstone Microbes" program will contribute to ongoing education in modern microbial taxonomy.