Quantum Transport of Correlated Systems in Novel Devices

强关联电子（SCE）系统中的基本问题的研究构成了当今凝聚态研究的一个主要领域。 该计划包含两个主要目标：（1）观察和阐明SCE中的新现象，以及（2）使用新的制造技术开发纳米器件，以探索基础物理学并创造利用纳米物理学的机会，以帮助满足下一代技术需求的挑战。 基础研究和新设备的实施相结合，旨在通过科学进步和未来研究人员的教育/培训，最大限度地发挥该计划的影响。 将研究两种类型的相关系统-半导体中的非费米液体和表现出相关效应的金属纳米线。 非费米液体行为构成SCR系统的中心主题。 在高Tc超导体和一维导体的正常状态下观察到的不寻常的金属行为正在超越传统金属的标准费米液体图片，朝着低维相关系统中的非费米液体的可能新范例推进。 通过输运测量研究了两个这样的系统：位于分数量子霍尔流体一维边缘的手征Luttinger液体和双量子点中的双杂质Kondo系统。 分数量子霍尔流体的边缘支持奇异的分数带电准粒子服从分数统计，这将被研究。 在双量子点中工作有双重目的。 除了探索非费米液体行为外，还将追求将该系统实现为原型2量子比特系统，以创建基于半导体的量子计算机的构建模块。 从长远来看，这可能会对实现量子计算的挑战性任务产生深远的影响。 在金属线中，研究将集中在超导性、磁性等现象上，在通过一种新的劈边技术制造的纳米线中，以及彼此平行的相邻线之间的相互作用。 随着ULSI中器件密度的进一步增加，了解邻近纳米线的特性可能会影响下一代互连。 该计划将培养学生在纳米科学和技术，重点是纳米制造技术和超低噪声电气测量。 这些技能是特别有价值的准备学生，以帮助推动所有重要的纳米科学技术革命，形成的基础上的技术和经济引擎的21世纪世纪。强关联电子（SCE）系统的研究是当今凝聚态研究的一个重要领域。 该计划包含两个主要目标：（1）在强相关系统中观察和阐明新现象，以及（2）使用新的制造技术开发纳米器件，用于探索基础物理学并创造利用纳米物理学的机会，以帮助满足下一代技术需求的挑战。 基础研究和新设备的实施相结合，旨在通过科学进步和未来研究人员的教育/培训，最大限度地发挥该计划的影响。 电子之间的强关联导致不寻常的和新颖的金属行为。 例子包括高温超导体和其他低维导体，例如0维和1维导体。 非费米液体行为构成SCE系统的中心主题。 对于这些系统，可能需要一种超越传统金属标准图片的新范式。 我们将通过电学测量来研究两个这样的系统，一个是分数量子霍尔流体一维边缘的手征Luttinger液体，另一个是双量子点中的双杂质Kondo系统。 分数量子霍尔流体的边缘支持携带基本电子电荷的分数单位的电荷的奇异粒子。 在双量子点中工作有双重目的。 除了探索非费米液体行为之外，还将追求将该系统实现为2量子量子比特系统，以创建基于半导体的量子计算机的构建块。 如果成功，这可能会对量子计算的实现产生深远的影响。 在金属线中，研究将集中在超导性、磁性等现象上，以及纳米线之间的相互作用。 随着ULSI中器件密度的进一步增加，了解邻近纳米线的特性可能会影响下一代互连。 该计划将培养学生在纳米科学和技术，重点是纳米制造技术和超低噪声电气测量。 这些技能是特别有价值的准备学生，以帮助推动所有重要的纳米科学技术革命，形成的基础上的技术和经济引擎的21世纪世纪。

Investigations of fundamental issues in strongly-correlated electron (SCE) systems form a major area of condensed matter research today. This program contains two main thrusts: (1) the observation and elucidation of new phenomena in SCE, and (2) the development of nanoscale devices using novel fabrication techniques both for the exploration of fundamental physics and for creating opportunities to capitalize on nano-physics to help meet the challenges of next-generation technological needs. The combination of fundamental research and the implementation of novel devices are designed to maximize the impact of this program, through scientific advances and the education/training of future researchers. Two genres of correlated systems--non-Fermi liquids in semiconductors, and metallic nanowires exhibiting correlated effects--will be studied. Non-Fermi liquid behavior constitutes a central theme of SCR systems. Unusual metallic behaviors observed in the normal state of high-Tc superconductors and in one-dimensional conductors are pushing beyond the standard Fermi liquid picture for conventional metals, toward a possible new paradigm of non-Fermi liquids in low-dimensional correlated systems. Two such systems are studied by transport measurements, the chiral Luttinger liquid at the 1-dimensional edge of the fractional quantum Hall fluid, and the two impurity Kondo system in double-quantum-dots. The edge of the fractional quantum Hall fluid supports exotic fractionally-charged quasi-particles obeying fractional statistics which will be investigated. Work in double-quantum-dots serves a dual purpose. In addition to exploring non-Fermi liquid behavior, the implementation of this system as a prototypical 2-qubit system will be pursued to create a building block of a semiconductor-based quantum computer. From a long term perspective, this may have a profound impact on bringing the challenging task of implementing quantum computation closer to reality. In metallic wires, investigation will concentrate on the phenomena of superconductivity, magnetism, etc., in nanowires fabricated by a novel cleaved-edge technique, as well as interaction between adjacent wires running parallel to each other. Understanding the properties of nanowires in proximity may impact next generation interconnects as device density in ULSI increases further. This program will train students in nanoscience and technology with an emphasis in nano-fabrication techniques and ultra low-noise electrical measurements. Such skills are particularly valuable for preparing the students to help drive forward the all important nano-science technology revolution which forms the basis of the technology and economic engine of the 21st century.%%%Investigations of strongly-correlated electron (SCE) systems form a major area of condensed matter research today. This program contains two main thrusts: (1) the observation and elucidation of new phenomena in strongly- correlated systems, and (2) the development of nanoscale devices using novel fabrication techniques both for the exploration of fundamental physics and for creating opportunities to capitalize on nano-physics to help meet the challenges of next-generation technological needs. The combination of fundamental research and the implementation of novel devices is designed to maximize the impact of this program, through scientific advances and the education/training of future researchers. Strong correlations between electrons lead to unusual and novel metallic behaviors. Examples include high temperature superconductors and other low-dimensional conductors such as 0- and 1-dimensional conductors. Non-Fermi liquid behavior constitutes a central theme of SCE systems. For these systems, a new paradigm beyond the standard picture for conventional metals may become necessary. Two such systems will be studied by electrical measurements, the chiral Luttinger liquid at the 1-dimensional edge of the fractional quantum Hall fluid, and the two impurity Kondo system in double-quantum-dots. The edge of the fractional quantum Hall fluid supports exotic particles which carry charges in fractional units of the fundamental electron charge. Work in double-quantum-dots serves a dual purpose. In addition to exploring non-Fermi liquid behavior, the implementation of this system as a 2-quantum qubit system will be pursued to create a building block of a semiconductor- based quantum computer. If successful this may have a profound impact in the long term on bringing quantum computation to reality. In metallic wires, investigation will concentrate on the phenomena of superconductivity, magnetism, etc., in nanowires as well as interaction between wires in close proximity. Understanding the properties of nanowires in proximity may impact next generation interconnects as device density in ULSI increases further. This program will train students in nanoscience and technology with an emphasis in nano-fabrication techniques and ultra low-noise electrical measurements. Such skills are particularly valuable for preparing the students to help drive forward the all important nano-science technology revolution which forms the basis of the technology and economic engine of the 21st century.