Quantum transport, spintronics, and strongly correlated states in Dirac materials

狄拉克材料中的量子输运、自旋电子学和强相关态

• 批准号: 436000-2013
• 负责人: Abanin, Dmitry
• 金额: $ 2.19万
• 依托单位: University of Waterloo
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=552964
• 关键词: Quantum; transport; spintronics; strongly; correlated

Finding new materials and understanding their electronic and transport properties, which determine their potential for applications, is one of the central tasks of modern science and technology. One of the most influential breakthroughs in physics and material science in the past decade has been the discovery of graphene, a monolayer of carbon. The lattice structure of graphene is such that the electrons in this material effectively behave as massless Dirac-like particles, which leads to qualitatively new quantum effects, including quantum transport regimes and magneto-transport phenomena. It was quickly realized that the unusual electronic properties of graphene, its mechanical robustness and two-dimensional nature, make it an attractive material for certain applications. The discovery of graphene triggered an intense interest in two- and three-dimensional materials with Dirac-like dispersion, which led to the emergence of a whole class of novel materials - Dirac materials. This class includes bilayer and multi-layer graphene, three-dimensional topological insulators, and more recently, Weyl semimetals, which can be viewed as 3D generalization of graphene, and others.

寻找新材料并了解其电子和传输特性（这决定了其应用潜力）是现代科学技术的中心任务之一。过去十年来，物理学和材料科学领域最有影响力的突破之一是石墨烯（一种单层碳）的发现。石墨烯的晶格结构使得该材料中的电子有效地表现为无质量的狄拉克粒子，这导致了新的量子效应，包括量子输运机制和磁输运现象。人们很快意识到石墨烯不寻常的电子特性、机械鲁棒性和二维性质使其成为某些应用中有吸引力的材料。 石墨烯的发现引发了人们对具有类狄拉克色散的二维和三维材料的浓厚兴趣，从而催生了一整类新型材料——狄拉克材料。此类包括双层和多层石墨烯、三维拓扑绝缘体，以及最近的韦尔半金属（可以视为石墨烯的 3D 推广）等。