DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Genome Evolution of a Polyploid Complex in Sorghum (Poaceae)

论文研究：高粱（禾本科）多倍体复合体的基因组进化

• 批准号: 0407879
• 负责人: Jeffrey Doyle
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: Cornell Univ - State: AWDS MADE PRIOR MAY 2010
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-01 至 2006-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0407879&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; Genome; Evolution; Polyploid

NSF DDIG Non-technical AbstractOne of the most challenging problems in systematics today is understanding the relationships between closely related species, especially those that have been subject to processes such as hybridization and polyploidy, the doubling of an organism's genome. This research investigates the effects of these processes on the relationships among species of Sorghum sect. Sorghum (Poaceae). Sorghum sect. Sorghum includes cultivated sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.], one of the world's most noxious weeds. S. halepense is a polyploid, thought to be derived from S. bicolor. S. bicolor and S. halepense are not genetically isolated and may hybridize, creating complex patterns of relationship. DNA sequence data for multiple sections of the plants' nuclear and chloroplast genomes from individuals of this species complex will be used to reconstruct evolutionary relationships. These relationships can be examined for the presence of patterns, which may be correlated with geography, plant appearance, invasiveness, or other factors.In light of the economic importance of this species complex in Sorghum, a better understanding of their relationships is essential. Cultivated sorghum is the fifth most important cereal crop in the world and a staple grain in the semi-arid tropics. It has a small genome size relative to that of maize, making it an ideal model organism for comparative genomics studies in the grasses. S. halepense is one of the ten most noxious weeds worldwide. Invasive species rank second behind only habitat destruction as the largest threat to biodiversity worldwide and cost billions of dollars each year in reductions in crop yields. This research also will contribute to a greater understanding of the process of polyploidy and its impact on plant evolution. The process of polyploidy has been linked to extensive genomic changes. Current estimates suggest that at least 50-70% of angiosperms have undergone genome duplication at some point in their evolutionary past, making polyploidy a significant factor in plant evolution. Polyploidy has also shaped the genomes of many other organisms, such as vertebrates, including humans, and plays a role in some cancers. Polyploidy and hybridization both have the potential to increase genetic variability within a species, and possibly invasive ability. A greater understanding of these processes and their effects on the evolution of these economically important species may be beneficial to a variety of fields, including plant breeding and weed control efforts.

NSF ddig非技术性摘要当今系统学中最具挑战性的问题之一是了解密切相关物种之间的关系，特别是那些经历了杂交和多倍体、生物基因组加倍等过程的物种。本研究探讨这些过程对高粱属种间亲缘关系的影响。高粱(禾本科)。高梁组。高粱包括栽培高粱[Sorghum biolor(L.)高粱[Sorghum halepense(L.)Pers.]，世界上最有害的杂草之一。海参是一种多倍体，被认为是从双色海棠衍生而来的。二色海棠和海参并不是遗传上孤立的，它们可能会杂交，从而形成复杂的关系模式。来自该物种复合体个体的植物核和叶绿体基因组的多个片段的DNA序列数据将被用于重建进化关系。可以检查这些关系是否存在模式，这些模式可能与地理、植物外观、入侵或其他因素相关。鉴于高粱这种物种复合体的经济重要性，更好地了解它们的关系是至关重要的。栽培高粱是世界上第五大粮食作物，也是半干旱热带地区的主粮。与玉米相比，它的基因组较小，是研究禾本科植物比较基因组学的理想模式生物。海蓬子是世界十大有害杂草之一。入侵物种是仅次于栖息地破坏的第二大物种，是全世界生物多样性的最大威胁，每年造成数十亿美元的作物减产。这项研究也将有助于更好地理解多倍体的过程及其对植物进化的影响。多倍体的过程与广泛的基因组变化有关。目前的估计表明，至少有50%-70%的被子植物在其进化历史的某个时候经历了基因组复制，这使得多倍体成为植物进化的一个重要因素。多倍体还塑造了许多其他生物的基因组，如脊椎动物，包括人类，并在一些癌症中发挥了作用。多倍体和杂交都有可能增加物种内的遗传变异性，并可能增加入侵能力。更好地了解这些过程及其对这些重要经济物种进化的影响，可能对包括植物育种和杂草控制在内的各个领域都有好处。