Physiology and Molecular Evolution of Photoprotection in Allopolyploids

异源多倍体光保护的生理学和分子进化

• 批准号: 0744306
• 负责人: Jeffrey Doyle
• 金额: $ 36.23万
• 依托单位: Cornell Univ - State: AWDS MADE PRIOR MAY 2010
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-03-01 至 2012-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0744306&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Physiology; Molecular; Evolution; Photoprotection; Allopolyploids

Polyploidy is the multiplication of the entire genome beyond the diploid level. It is a particularly important genetic process in flowering plants, and many cultivated plants (e.g., wheat, maize, cotton, soybean) are polyploid. Polyploidy can lead to profound genomic changes, even beyond duplicating all of the genes in the genome. Polyploidy has long been known to affect physiology, anatomy, and biochemistry, but few studies have sought to connect phenotype with changes at the molecular level to understand how plants achieve an integrated response to polyploidy in natural populations. Such investigations hold the key to understanding why polyploids are so prevalent among plants, and why polyploids often have been considered more adaptable or more successful than their diploid progenitors.This project will study photoprotection - an important physiological process by which plants avoid damage from excess light energy - in several recently formed polyploid species of Glycine, the genus that includes the cultivated soybean. These species formed by hybridization and genome doubling (allopolyploidy) within the last 50,000 years. The diploid species that gave rise to them have been identified. Chlorophyll fluorescence assays will be used to compare photoprotection in the polyploid species with their diploid progenitors. At the molecular level, it will be determined how the gene copies contributed by the two diploid progenitors have changed in sequence and expression in the polyploidy species since their formation, and whether changes in DNA sequence, dosage, and/or expression patterns correlate with photoprotection phenotype.Broader Impacts. This project is of broad significance and impact because it will elucidate the effects of a ubiquitous genetic phenomenon, polyploidy, on a physiological process essential to plant fitness, and will connect this to changes in the genes underlying photoprotection. In addition, the project involves training graduate and undergraduate students and is linked to an ongoing high-school teacher outreach program at Cornell.

多倍体是指整个基因组的增殖超过二倍体水平。它是开花植物中特别重要的遗传过程，并且许多栽培植物（例如，小麦、玉米、棉花、大豆）是多倍体。多倍性可以导致基因组的深刻变化，甚至超越复制基因组中的所有基因。多倍体长期以来一直被认为会影响生理学，解剖学和生物化学，但很少有研究试图将表型与分子水平的变化联系起来，以了解植物如何在自然种群中实现对多倍体的综合反应。这些研究是理解为什么多倍体在植物中如此普遍，以及为什么多倍体通常被认为比二倍体祖先更适应或更成功的关键。本项目将研究最近形成的几个大豆属多倍体物种的光保护-植物避免过度光能伤害的重要生理过程，包括栽培大豆。这些物种在过去的50，000年中通过杂交和基因组加倍（异源多倍体）形成。产生它们的二倍体物种已经被鉴定出来。叶绿素荧光测定将用于比较多倍体物种与其二倍体祖先的光保护。在分子水平上，将确定两个二倍体祖细胞贡献的基因拷贝自其形成以来在多倍体物种中如何在序列和表达上发生变化，以及DNA序列、剂量和/或表达模式的变化是否与光保护表型相关。该项目具有广泛的意义和影响，因为它将阐明普遍存在的遗传现象多倍体对植物适应性所必需的生理过程的影响，并将其与光保护基因的变化联系起来。此外，该项目还涉及培训研究生和本科生，并与康奈尔大学正在进行的高中教师外展计划有关。