BE/CNH: Linking Human and Biophysical Processes in Coastal Marine Ecosystems of Baja California

BE/CNH：将下加利福尼亚州沿海海洋生态系统中的人类和生物物理过程联系起来

• 批准号: 0410439
• 负责人: Fiorenza Micheli
• 金额: $ 161.65万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-01 至 2010-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0410439&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CNH; Linking; Human; Biophysical; Processes

Small-scale fisheries are dominant actors in coastal marine ecosystems, engaging more than 90 percent of the fishers in the world and producing more than one-half of the world's annual marine catch, but their dynamics are poorly understood. Scarcity of data, the multi-species and multi-fleet nature of most small-scale fisheries, and complex feedbacks among human institutions at the local, regional, and global scale render existing fisheries models inapplicable to most small-scale fisheries. The combination of local exploitation with multi-scale management of multiple target species creates a test bed for comparison of the biological and socioeconomic effectiveness of management at different scales ranging from the local community to centralized government. Most small-scale fishing is concentrated in coastal areas characterized by high productivity and diversity, such as coral reefs, coastal lagoons, and estuaries. These in turn are maintained by complex interactions between oceanographic processes in the nearshore marine environment and exchanges occurring at the land-sea interface. This interdisciplinary research project will simultaneously consider these different facets of complexity to examine higher-level, emergent behaviors that are likely to characterize small-scale fisheries of the Pacific coast of Baja California, Mexico. This research program will address the following overarching question: What explains the variation in performance of small-scale fisheries and associated coastal marine ecosystems? Performance is evaluated in terms of resource productivity, economic yield, sustainability of human activities and communities, and persistence of marine populations and ecosystems. Specific questions to be addressed include: (1) What are the relative roles and feedbacks between environmental variability and human institutions in determining the performance of small-scale fisheries? (2) How do feedbacks among biophysical and human components of small-scale fisheries vary across spatial (local to regional) and temporal (year-to-year vs. decadal) scales? (3) What fisheries management systems are more robust to uncertainty? Research will include the development of a series of integrated biophysical, agent-based, and bioeconomic models; statistical analysis and retrospective analyses of historical trends in catches, effort, and oceanographic conditions; and acquisition of new data through ecological and ethnographic field studies.This project will make significant contributions to biocomplexity theory, research approaches, and applications. First, it will elucidate complex interactions and feedbacks among biological, physical, and human processes linked through fisheries in coastal marine systems. It will integrate socioeconomic, ecological, and oceanographic approaches to produce predictive models of the spatial and temporal dynamics of small-scale fisheries. Second, this research program will provide graduate training in modeling and integrated social and ecological field approaches to studying human-natural systems. Finally, it will provide general guidance for the management of small-scale fisheries and a framework for examining the possible outcomes of environmental change, changes in fisheries regulations and incentives, and the new and future uses of coastal resources associated with population increases and coastal development. This project is supported by an award resulting from the FY 2004 special competition in Biocomplexity in the Environment focusing on the Dynamics of Coupled Natural and Human Systems.

小型渔业是沿海海洋生态系统的主要行为者，世界上90%以上的渔民从事小型渔业，每年的海洋渔获量占世界的一半以上，但人们对其动态知之甚少。 数据的稀缺性，大多数小型渔业的多物种和多船队性质，以及地方，区域和全球范围内人类机构之间的复杂反馈，使现有的渔业模型不适用于大多数小型渔业。 当地开发与多目标物种的多规模管理相结合，为比较从地方社区到中央政府的不同规模的管理的生物和社会经济效益创造了一个试验台。 大多数小规模捕捞集中在生产力和多样性高的沿海地区，如珊瑚礁、沿海泻湖和河口。 而近岸海洋环境中的海洋学过程与陆海界面上发生的交换之间的复杂相互作用又维持着这些变化。 这个跨学科的研究项目将同时考虑这些不同方面的复杂性，以检查更高层次的，新兴的行为，可能是表征小规模渔业的下加利福尼亚，墨西哥的太平洋沿岸。 该研究计划将解决以下首要问题：如何解释小规模渔业和相关沿海海洋生态系统性能的变化？ 绩效是从资源生产力、经济产量、人类活动和社区的可持续性以及海洋种群和生态系统的持久性等方面进行评价的。 要解决的具体问题包括：（1）在决定小规模渔业的业绩方面，环境变化和人类制度之间的相对作用和反馈是什么？ (2)小规模渔业的生物物理和人类组成部分之间的反馈在空间（地方到区域）和时间（逐年与十年期）尺度上有何不同？ (3)什么样的渔业管理制度更能抵御不确定性？ 研究将包括开发一系列综合生物物理、基于代理的和生物经济模型;对渔获量、努力量和海洋条件的历史趋势进行统计分析和回顾性分析;通过生态和人种学实地研究获得新数据。 首先，它将阐明通过沿海海洋系统的渔业联系在一起的生物、物理和人类过程之间的复杂相互作用和反馈。 它将整合社会经济、生态和海洋学方法，以建立小规模渔业时空动态的预测模型。 第二，该研究计划将提供建模和综合社会和生态领域的方法来研究人类-自然系统的研究生培训。 最后，它将为小规模渔业管理提供一般性指导，并为审查环境变化、渔业条例和奖励措施的变化以及与人口增长和沿海发展有关的沿海资源的新用途和未来用途的可能结果提供一个框架。 该项目得到了2004财政年度环境中生物复杂性特别竞赛的资助，该竞赛侧重于自然和人类系统耦合的动力学。