Microbial Genome Sequencing: Genomics of Life at Extreme Pressure

微生物基因组测序：极压下的生命基因组学

• 批准号: 0412090
• 负责人: Barbara Methe
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: J. Craig Venter Institute, Inc.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-07-01 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0412090&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Microbial; Genome; Sequencing; Genomics; Life

One of the most remote regions on Earth is that of the deep-ocean trench environment. A consortium of scientists with expertise in deep-sea microbiology, molecular biology, whole-genome sequencing, annotation and comparative genomics has been assembled to obtain and characterize the genome sequence of a microbe from such a habitat. The organism, Colwellia strain MT41, was isolated from the deepest ocean trench, the Mariana Trench, at a depth of 10,476 meters. MT41 is among the most high-pressure-adapted (piezophilic) Bacteria or Archaea ever isolated requiring pressures of thousands of pounds per square inch (tens of megapascals) to grow, with a preferred pressure of approximately 15,000 pounds per square inch (~100 MPa) of hydrostatic pressure. MT41 is closely related to the atmospheric pressure-adapted Colwellia psychrerythraea 34H, whose genome sequence has recently been completed. Genome comparisons between MT41 and 34H, as well as between MT41 and other oceanic microbes, are likely to suggest many gene features required for the evolution of piezophily, and other aspects of life in the abyss. The genome sequence will also facilitate future functional genomic studies and analyses of enzyme structure and catalysis under conditions promoting low volume change. The broader impacts of the proposed study will most directly benefit undergraduate and graduate education. The genome sequence data generated by this proposal will be used as a primary case study to drive a comparative genomics course at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. A workshop for students given at The Institute for Genomic Research will also use the genome sequences of MT41 as a "real-world" example for the study of genomics.

地球上最偏远的区域之一是深海海沟环境。一个具有深海微生物学、分子生物学、全基因组测序、注释和比较基因组学专门知识的科学家联合会已经成立，以获取来自这一生境的微生物的基因组序列并确定其特征。这种名为Colwellia菌株MT41的生物是从最深的海沟马里亚纳海沟中分离出来的，深度为10，476米。MT41是有史以来分离出的最高压适应（嗜压）细菌或嗜热菌之一，需要数千磅/平方英寸（数十兆帕）的压力才能生长，优选的压力为约15，000磅/平方英寸（约100 MPa）的静水压力。MT41与适应大气压的Colwellia psychrerythraea 34 H密切相关，其基因组序列最近已经完成。 MT41和34 H之间的基因组比较，以及MT41和其他海洋微生物之间的基因组比较，很可能表明了许多基因特征，这些特征是深海生物进化和其他方面所必需的。基因组序列也将促进未来的功能基因组研究和分析的酶结构和催化条件下，促进低体积变化。拟议研究的更广泛影响将最直接地使本科生和研究生教育受益。该提案产生的基因组序列数据将被用作主要案例研究，以推动斯克里普斯海洋研究所的比较基因组学课程。在基因组研究所为学生举办的一个研讨会也将使用MT41的基因组序列作为基因组学研究的“现实世界”例子。