BE-GenEn: Genomics of Adaptation to the Biotic and Abiotic Environment in Aquilegia

BE-GenEn：耧斗菜适应生物和非生物环境的基因组学

• 批准号: 0412727
• 负责人: Scott Hodges
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Barbara
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-10-01 至 2011-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0412727&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: GenEn; Genomics; Adaptation; Biotic; Abiotic

A grant has been awarded to Drs. Scott Hodges, Elena Kramer, Magnus Nordborg, Jeff Tomkins and Justin Borevitz (of the University of California, Santa Barbara, Harvard University, University of Southern California, Clemson University and University of Chicago respectively) to study adaptation to the environment in the columbine genus, Aquilegia. The evolution of life on earth has been punctuated by numerous examples of adaptive radiation. These dramatic events quickly create a large amount of biodiversity and are evidenced by rapid speciation along with morphological and physiological adaptations to numerous ecological niches. Species in the flowering plant genus Aquilegia have undergone a very recent adaptive radiation and present a unique opportunity to investigate the molecular genetic changes underlying adaptations. Species in this genus have spectacularly different floral morphologies with specializations to different pollinators. In addition, species differ radically in their habitats ranging from coastal forests to desert springs to the high alpine. Because any two species in the genus can be successfully crossed it is possible to dissect the genetic basis for essentially any trait in any species. By developing an array of molecular genetic resources for this genus, this project will provide the infrastructure for a host of studies by a broad community of scientists. Comparative genomic studies will be particularly amenable because Aquilegia is a member of the basal eudicot family Ranunculaceae, which is nearly equidistant between the eudicot model systems such as Arabidopsis and the monocot model systems such as rice. All of these studies will be facilitated by the fact that the genome of Aquilegia is among the smallest for a flowering plant at about 350 Mbp. The specific goals of this project are to evaluate the genetic basis of three important traits, morphological adaptation to a specific pollinator, physiological adaptation for flowering time and adaptation to different soil/habitats. These goals will be accomplished by developing a physical map of the genome of one species of Aquilegia, A. formosa, along with a large-scale EST sequence database and a transformation system. The EST sequences will be localized to the physical map and used to construct oligonucleotide arrays for expression studies and array-based mapping of traits. Fine-mapping and cloning of a locus affecting flower orientation will be accomplished with array-based mapping along with association mapping and expression studies. To investigate the evolution of flowering time in Aquilegia, candidate genes will be cloned and their expression patterns and evolution will be characterized. To determine the genetic architecture for adaptations to different habitats, recombinant inbred lines from a cross between A. formosa and A. pubescens will be created, their breakpoints finely mapped and their fitness determined in each parental species' habitat.

斯科特·霍奇斯博士、埃琳娜·克雷默博士、马格努斯·诺德堡博士、杰夫·汤姆金斯博士和贾斯汀·博雷维茨博士(分别来自加州大学圣巴巴拉分校、哈佛大学、南加州大学、克莱姆森大学和芝加哥大学)获得了拨款，以研究科伦拜属植物对环境的适应。地球上生命的进化被许多适应性辐射的例子所打断。这些戏剧性的事件迅速创造了大量的生物多样性，并通过快速的物种形成以及对许多生态位的形态和生理适应来证明。开花植物阿奎拉属的物种最近经历了一次适应性辐射，为研究潜在的适应性分子遗传变化提供了一个独特的机会。这个属的物种具有惊人的不同的花形态，对不同的传粉者具有专化性。此外，物种在栖息地上也有很大的不同，从沿海森林到沙漠泉水再到高山山脉。因为该属中的任何两个物种都可以成功杂交，所以有可能剖析任何物种基本上任何特征的遗传基础。通过开发该属的一系列分子遗传资源，该项目将为广泛的科学家社区的一系列研究提供基础设施。比较基因组学研究将特别顺从，因为Aquilegia是基础eudicot科Ranunculaceae的成员，在eudicot模式系统(如拟南芥)和单子叶模式系统(如水稻)之间几乎等距离。所有这些研究都将因为阿奎莱贾的基因组是开花植物中最小的基因组之一，大约为350 Mbp。该项目的具体目标是评估三个重要性状的遗传基础，即对特定传粉者的形态适应、对开花时间的生理适应以及对不同土壤/生境的适应。这些目标将通过开发一种蓝藻的基因组物理图谱以及一个大规模的EST序列数据库和转化系统来实现。EST序列将被定位到物理图谱上，并用于构建寡核苷酸阵列，用于表达研究和基于阵列的特征定位。通过基于阵列的作图以及关联作图和表达研究，将完成影响花方向的基因座的精细作图和克隆。为了研究水青兰开花时间的进化，将克隆候选基因，并对其表达模式和进化进行表征。为了确定适应不同栖息地的遗传结构，将创建来自台湾和毛杨杂交的重组自交系，精细地绘制它们的断裂点，并确定它们在每个亲本物种的栖息地的适合度。