The Genetic Basis of Reproductive Isolation: QTL Mapping and Hybrid Zone Analysis Between Aquilegia Formosa and A. pubescens

小行星9726272 本文报道了耧斗菜属（Aquilegia）的两个种：耧斗菜A.福尔摩沙和A.毛， 有非常不同的花的形态和主要授粉 不同的动物A.福尔摩沙有红色、下垂、短距的花 由蜂鸟和A. pubescens有白色，直立， 由天蛾授粉的长距花。 虽然这两个物种 在控制杂交中完全兼容，它们在自然界中很少杂交 因为它们花的不同两个物种的分布 在加州的南部内华达州山脉重叠， 混合区形成。我们将确定负责 通过利用技术开发的花形态的差异， 动植物育种因为混合区确实会出现在 物种重叠，来自一个物种的基因不受自然环境的影响， 选择可以越过杂交区进入其他物种。 然而，受自然选择影响的基因被阻止， 渗透到其他物种中我们将确定自然选择 作用于基因组的每一个片段，通过测量它能够 渗透到混合区之外 进化生物学的一个主要目标是了解 具有生殖隔离的特征。这些特征导致了 生物多样性的产生和维持。许多科学家 相信物种之间的适应性差异来自于 许多小的遗传变化的积累，而另一些人认为， 产生于一些影响巨大的变化。这个问题一直存在 由于详细的遗传学研究仅限于少数几个， 模式生物此外，性状的数量和比例 对于物种隔离重要的基因组是未知的。通过合成 基因组作图技术与杂交区分析 物种隔离的遗传学研究将成为可能。

9726272 Hodges Two species of the columbine genus Aquilegia, A. formosa and A. pubescens, have very different floral morphologies and are predominantly pollinated by different animals. A. formosa has red, pendent, short-spurred flowers pollinated by hummingbirds and A. pubescens has white, upright, long-spurred flowers pollinated by hawkmoths. While these two species are fully compatible in controlled crosses, they rarely crossbreed in nature due to the differences in their flowers. The two species' distributions overlap in the southern Sierra Nevada mountains of California where narrow hybrid zones form. We will determine the number of genes responsible for the differences in floral morphology by utilizing techniques developed for animal and plant breeding. Because hybrid zones do occur where these species overlap, genes from one species that are not affected by natural selection can penetrate beyond the hybrid zone into the other species. However, genes that are affected by natural selection are prevented from penetrating the alternate species. We will determine how natural selection acts on each segment of the genome by measuring the degree it is able to penetrate beyond the hybrid zone. A major goal of evolutionary biology is to understand the genetic basis of traits conferring reproductive isolation. These traits are responsible for the generation and maintenance of biological diversity. Many scientists believe that most adaptive differences between species arise from the accumulation of many small genetic changes while others believe that they arise from a few changes with large effects. This issue has remained unresolved because detailed genetic studies have been limited to only a few model organisms. In addition, the number of traits and the proportion of the genome important for species isolation is unknown. By synthesizing genome mapping techniques with hybrid zone analyses a detailed examination of the genetics of specie s isolation will be possible.