Intrasite Organization and Interregional Interaction: Archaeological Investigations at Chacalilla, Nayarit, Mexico

站点内组织和区域间互动：墨西哥纳亚里特州查卡利利亚的考古调查

• 批准号: 0418823
• 负责人: Michael Ohnersorgen
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Arizona State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-08-01 至 2007-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0418823&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Intrasite; Organization; Interregional; Interaction; Archaeological

With National Science Foundation support, Dr. Michael Ohnersorgen will conduct two seasons of archaeological research on the western coast of Nayarit, Mexico. The research focuses on the archaeological site of Chacalilla, a regional center that flourished during the Early and Middle Postclassic periods (A.D. 900-1350) in Mesoamerica. The project seeks to clarify social and economic relationships that contributed to the Aztatlan tradition in Postclassic West Mexico, a widely shared ideological and material culture complex that included polychrome pottery with complex iconographic designs, figurines, copper ornaments, shell jewelry, shared burial practices, and other elements. The Aztatlan tradition is manifested across much of West and Northwest Mexico, and it may be related to socio-economic networks that linked those areas with cultures in central Mexico and the US Southwest. Prior research has suggested several models of economic and political interaction to account for the wide distribution of the Aztatlan tradition, but these models remain untested and the nature of interactions among Aztatlan participants is largely speculative. Research at Chacalilla will examine community socio-political and economic organization through a study of settlement arrangement, the spatial distribution of Aztatlan-associated artifacts, and an assessment of evidence for craft production and exchange. Examination of the types and spatial associations of Aztatlan artifacts will reveal which segments of society were involved in various kinds of interactions, permitting an assessment of theoretical models of Aztatlan interaction that posit elite versus commoner involvement. Specific tasks are 1) systematically survey and map Chacalilla and create a GIS database for data analysis 2) collect a sample of artifacts from the surfaces of archaeological features, 3) conduct excavations within a sample of structures that represent the range of social and economic variability among Chacalilla's population, 4) analyze all archaeological materials recovered, 5) conduct chemical compositional analyses of ceramic and obsidian artifacts from Chacalilla and other sites to reconstruct networks of economic production and exchange. The study provides one of the first systematic examinations of social and economic organization in Aztatlan communities. The Aztatlan tradition is an example of heightened interregional cultural connectivity, a phenomenon observed in other parts of the world where ancient civilizations emerged. Resolution of the mechanisms behind such phenomena is critical at various junctures for Mesoamerica, especially for the Postclassic period, which is characterized by several related traditions. Because of its long-term involvement in interregional exchange and interaction, West Mexico is a crucial area to examine issues related to episodes of interregional cultural connectivity among ancient polities. Ohnersorgen's research provides a critical nexus between community organization and regional scale phenomena, allowing archaeologist to determine for one Aztatlan center who was interacting and what items were involved in exchange. Through its focus on household and community organization, the research will also broaden the understanding of cultural variability and the range of social formations in West Mexico, an area underrepresented in Mesoamerican studies.More broadly, the research fosters international institutional cooperation through its partnership with Mexico's Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia (INAH), and provides research opportunities to American and Mexican graduate and undergraduate students. A pilot project at Chacalilla by Ohnersorgen in 2003 generated much local community interest, and Ohnersorgen is working with INAH and an ecological group in Nayarit to develop plans for a community museum and educational exhibit for local schools, promoting awareness and protection of archaeological heritage.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，Michael Ohnersorgen博士将在墨西哥纳亚里特西海岸进行两个季节的考古研究。研究重点是Chacalilla的考古遗址，这是中美洲早期和中期后古典时期（公元900-1350年）蓬勃发展的区域中心。该项目旨在澄清社会和经济关系，这些关系有助于西墨西哥后古典时期的Aztatlan传统，这是一种广泛共享的意识形态和物质文化复合体，包括具有复杂肖像设计的多色陶器，小雕像，铜装饰品，贝壳珠宝，共同的埋葬习俗和其他元素。Aztatlan传统在墨西哥西部和西北部的大部分地区都有体现，它可能与将这些地区与墨西哥中部和美国西南部的文化联系起来的社会经济网络有关。先前的研究已经提出了几种经济和政治互动的模型来解释Aztatlan传统的广泛分布，但这些模型仍然未经检验，Aztatlan参与者之间的互动性质在很大程度上是推测性的。在Chacalilla的研究将通过研究定居点的安排，Aztatlan相关文物的空间分布，以及工艺生产和交流的证据评估，研究社区的社会政治和经济组织。对阿兹塔特兰文物的类型和空间关联的研究将揭示社会的哪些部分参与了各种互动，从而可以评估阿兹塔特兰互动的理论模型，即精英与平民的参与。具体任务是：1）系统地调查和绘制Chacalilla地图，并创建一个用于数据分析的GIS数据库; 2）从考古特征表面收集文物样本; 3）在代表Chacalilla人口社会和经济变化范围的结构样本内进行挖掘; 4）分析所有考古材料，5）对Chacalilla和其他遗址的陶瓷和黑曜石文物进行化学成分分析，以重建经济生产和交换网络。这项研究是对Aztatlan社区社会和经济组织的首次系统研究之一。Aztatlan传统是加强区域间文化联系的一个例子，这一现象在世界其他地区出现的古代文明中也有观察到。这些现象背后的机制的决议是至关重要的，在不同的交界处中美洲，特别是后古典时期，其特点是几个相关的传统。由于其长期参与区域间的交流和互动，西墨西哥是一个重要的领域，以研究与古代政治之间的区域间文化连通性的事件有关的问题。Ohnersorgen的研究提供了社区组织和区域规模现象之间的关键联系，使考古学家能够确定一个Aztatlan中心谁在互动以及交换中涉及哪些物品。通过对家庭和社区组织的关注，这项研究还将扩大对西墨西哥文化变异和社会形态范围的理解，这是中美洲研究中代表性不足的地区。更广泛地说，这项研究通过与墨西哥国家人类学和历史研究所（INAH）的合作促进了国际机构合作，并为美国和墨西哥的研究生和本科生提供研究机会。Ohnersorgen于2003年在Chacalilla开展的一个试点项目引起了当地社区的极大兴趣，Ohnersorgen正在与国家人类学和历史研究所以及纳亚里特的一个生态团体合作，为社区博物馆和当地学校的教育展览制定计划，提高对考古遗产的认识和保护。