US-Egypt Coopertive Research: Mitigating the Deterioration of Monuments from the Effects of Evaporating Shallow Groundwater

美国-埃及合作研究：减轻浅层地下水蒸发影响下的古迹恶化

• 批准号: 0420777
• 负责人: Richard Parizek
• 金额: $ 3.5万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-01 至 2006-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0420777&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: US; Egypt; Coopertive; Research; Mitigating

0420777ParizekDescription: This award is to support cooperative research between a U.S. team headed by Dr. Richard Parizek, Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania and Dr. Abdel Raouf Abul Hassan, Geological Survey of Egypt and Mining Authority, Cairo, Egypt. Shallow groundwater levels, coupled with concentrations of salt, dissolved solids and biological compounds, are causing rapid and significant deterioration or monuments and other structures at numerous locations in Egypt. At Hierakonopolis, a variety of monuments and materials are being degraded. The problem of rapid deterioration has become more acute since the initiation of new irrigation practices in 1995. Year-round flood irrigation of the fields ensures a uniformly high water table 1 to 1.5m below the surface. A major irrigation canal that is being constructed has reached within 1.5km of the Temp-Town site on the lowest Nile terrace to the south. Its imminent presence even closer to the site, along with rapid reclamation of surrounding upland desert areas, is likely to cause further damage at Hierakonopolis. This project will focus on development of practical methods to characterize and mitigate the effects of rapid deterioration of monuments and other structures. The Temple-Town Hierakonopolis site is the model for this study because of the knowledge of its groundwater system gained through recent studies led by the PIs. This study will build on a drilling and coring project undertaken in January 2003; it includes additional water quality measures, limited chemical testing, hydrological testing and a local seismic survey for each borehole, prior to installation of up to eight new deeper holes to monitor groundwater flow rates and directions at depth. Additional core samples obtained in 2003 and new cores will be logged to establish both an archaeological and lithological stratigraphic column. An attempt will be made to date any suitable horizons. The drilling campaign is expected to recover core through the Nile alluvium into bedrock at 100m depth, and further define the distribution of potential aquifers and the clay confining beds found to date. Scope and broad impact: The proposed study will use an integrated combination of geological, geophysical, geochemical and hydrologic methods to develop and validate a flow model for the Hierakonopolis site that can be used to design a practical mitigation plan. If possible, a separate but related set of analyses would be made in the U.S. of the biological compounds that cause discoloration and deterioration of the base of monuments and other structures at locations such as Hierakonopolis, Edfu, and Esna. These and earlier findings, all incorporated into a large GIS database, will be integrated to develop a groundwater flow model and practical mitigation strategies for the Hierakonopolis site. This project is being supported under the US-Egypt Joint Fund Program, which provides grants to scientists and engineers in both countries to carry out these cooperative activities.

0420777Parizek 描述：该奖项旨在支持由宾夕法尼亚州立大学地球科学系 Richard Parizek 博士领导的美国团队与埃及地质调查局和埃及开罗矿业局的 Abdel Raouf Abul Hassan 博士领导的合作研究。 浅层地下水位，加上盐分、溶解固体和生物化合物的浓度，正在导致埃及许多地点的纪念碑和其他结构迅速而严重地恶化。在希拉科诺波利斯，各种纪念碑和材料正在退化。 自 1995 年开始采用新的灌溉方式以来，土壤快速恶化的问题变得更加严重。全年对田地进行漫灌，确保地下水位保持在地表以下 1 至 1.5 m 的高度。 正在修建的一条主要灌溉渠已到达位于尼罗河最低台地以南的临时镇遗址 1.5 公里范围内。它即将出现，甚至距离现场更近，加上周围高地沙漠地区的迅速开垦，可能会对希拉科诺波利斯造成进一步的破坏。 该项目将侧重于开发实用方法来表征和减轻纪念碑和其他结构快速恶化的影响。圣殿镇希拉科诺波利斯 (Hierakonopolis) 遗址是本研究的模型，因为通过 PI 领导的最近研究获得了有关其地下水系统的知识。这项研究将以 2003 年 1 月进行的钻探和取芯项目为基础；它包括额外的水质测量、有限的化学测试、水文测试和每个钻孔的当地地震调查，然后安装多达八个新的更深的孔来监测地下水流速和深度方向。将记录 2003 年获得的更多岩心样本和新岩心，以建立考古和岩性地层柱。将尝试确定任何合适的地平线。钻探活动预计将通过尼罗河冲积层将岩心回收到 100m 深度的基岩中，并进一步确定潜在含水层和迄今为止发现的粘土限制层的分布。 范围和广泛影响：拟议的研究将综合运用地质、地球物理、地球化学和水文方法来开发和验证希拉科诺波利斯遗址的水流模型，该模型可用于设计实用的缓解计划。 如果可能的话，将在美国对导致希拉科诺波利斯、埃德富和伊斯纳等地的纪念碑和其他结构的底座变色和恶化的生物化合物进行一组单独但相关的分析。这些和早期的发现都将被整合到一个大型 GIS 数据库中，以开发地下水流模型和希拉科诺波利斯遗址的实际缓解策略。 该项目得到了美国-埃及联合基金计划的支持，该计划向两国的科学家和工程师提供赠款以开展这些合作活动。