NEESR-SG: Physical modeling of 3D Tsunami Evolution Using a Landslide Tsunami Generator

海啸可以直接由地震冲击产生。然而，在一些地震事件中，海啸被观察到是由海底以巨大的海底滑坡形式的大规模破坏引发的。根据国家地球物理数据中心和世界固体地球物理数据中心以及政府间海洋学委员会的资料，仅在太平洋，就有65次海啸事件归因于海底滑坡，共造成14 661人死亡。 我们的最终长期目标是对海啸滑坡和随后的海啸产生、传播和上升的机制有一个基本的了解，这将有助于改进滑坡和海啸灾害的评估和可能的缓解。不幸的是，来自真实的世界观测的现场数据仅限于极少数情况，而这些数据中与海啸生成阶段有关的最重要部分几乎完全缺失。 拟议的研究的目标是弥补这种缺乏数据的三维海啸演变的物理建模，使用一种新的滑坡海啸发生器，将补充现有的NEES海啸设施。为了实现这一目标，在拟议的研究中将实现以下子目标：目标1。模型相似度：将使用量纲分析来确定所提议的滑坡海啸发生器的设计参数的控制模型相似性。 目标2.一种新型的滑坡海啸发生器：所提出的新型计算机控制的气动滑坡加速机构，将使个人控制的动态滑坡参数，如滑坡的位置，几何形状和加速度。目标3.滑坡参数：设计的实验方案，我们建议确定的几何形状和速度的海啸滑坡的案例历史。然而，为了涵盖整个范围内的可能的参数组合，我们正计划使用新的分析和数值模型的剪切带传播机制的海啸滑坡。目标4.实验方案：在拟议的实验中，我们将测量水下滑坡运动和近场海啸的产生，传播和助跑的三维特征。此外，还将绘制由此产生的滑坡沉积物的地图，并记录其厚度。 目标5. 验证建议的机制：测量的滑坡和海啸的特点将进行比较，现有的真实的世界的观察提供验证的物理，分析和数值模型在这项研究中使用。这将证明使用这些模型在发展中的基本认识的耦合滑坡和海啸的机制，并允许我们制定建议，为未来的实验和理论研究。研究的预期智力价值：拟议的研究将促进对滑坡引发海啸的认识和理解。最具破坏性的自然灾害之一所提出的工作的独创性是基于其跨学科的性质，它结合了实验和理论的流体，土壤和断裂力学的方法。 该项目是三个格鲁吉亚技术学院的教师谁结合联合收割机在流体力学，物理建模和海啸灾害，土壤力学和岩土工程，岩石和断裂力学的专业知识之间的共同努力。研究的预期更广泛的影响：了解滑坡和海啸机制不仅对工程，而且对人类的努力具有广泛的影响。它将加强对海啸和滑坡灾害的评估和减灾工作。本研究开发的新型滑坡发生器将在目前和未来的研究中补充现有的NEES海啸设施。 该提案提供的资金将用于教育和支持两名研究生。这项研究的结果将被纳入现有的本科和研究生课程，一个新的研究生课程自然灾害将由PI联合开发。研究结果将通过在高影响力的专业期刊上发表文章以及在国家和国际会议上发表演讲，向广大的科学和工程受众传播。K12观众将通过流行的讲座和互联网帖子，强调土木工程专业在减轻自然灾害中的重要作用。

Tsunamis can be generated directly by seismic impact. However, in some seismic events tsunamis have been observed to be triggered by the massive failure of the sea floor in the form of giant submarine landslides. According to the National Geophysical Data Center and World Data Center for Solid Earth Geophysics as well as Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, in the Pacific Ocean alone, 65 tsunami events attributed to submarine landslide caused a total number of 14,661 deaths. Our ultimate long-term goal is to develop a fundamental understanding of the mechanism of tsunamigenic landslides and subsequent tsunami generation, propagation, and run-up, which would allow for improved assessment and possible mitigation of the landslide and tsunami hazard. Unfortunately, the field data from real world observations are limited to very few cases, while the most important part of this data related to the tsunami generation stage is almost completely missing. The goal of the proposed research is to compensate for this lack of data by the physical modeling of 3-dimensional tsunami evolution using a novel landslide tsunami generator which will complement the existing NEES tsunami facilities. Towards this goal, the following subset of objectives will be achieved in the proposed research: Objective 1. Model Similitude: The governing model similitude, defining the design parameters for the proposed landslide tsunami generator, will be determined using dimensional analysis. Objective 2. A Novel Landslide Tsunami Generator: The proposed novel computer controlled pneumatic landslide acceleration mechanism, will enable individual control of the dynamic landslide parameters such as landslide location, geometry and acceleration. Objective 3. Landslide Parameters: To design of the experimental program we propose to determine the geometries and velocities of tsunamigenic landslides from the case histories. However, in order to cover the whole range of possible parameter combinations we are planning to use the novel analytical and numerical models of the shear-band propagation mechanisms of tsunamigenic landslides. Objective 4. Experimental Program: In the proposed experiments we shall measure the characteristics of the subaqueous landslide motion and the near-field tsunami generation, propagation and run-up in three dimensions. In addition the resulting landslide deposits will be mapped and their thickness recorded. Objective 5. Validation of the Proposed Mechanisms: The measured landslide and tsunami characteristics will be compared to the existing real world observations providing a validation for physical, analytical and numerical models used in this research. This will justify the use of these models in the development of fundamental understanding of the coupled landslide and tsunami mechanisms and allow us to develop recommendations for the future experimental and theoretical research. Expected Intellectual Merit of the Research: The proposed research will advance knowledge and understanding of landslide generated tsunamis . one of the most devastating natural hazards. Originality of the proposed work is based on its interdisciplinary nature, which combines experimental and theoretical Fluid, Soil and Fracture Mechanics approaches. The project is a joint effort between three Georgia Tech faculty members who combine expertise in fluid mechanics, physical modeling and tsunami hazards, soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering, rock and fracture mechanics. Expected Broader Impact of the Research: Understanding of landslide and tsunami mechanisms has broad implications not only to engineering but also to human endeavors. It will enhance both assessment and mitigation of tsunami and landslide hazards. The novel landslide generator developed in this research will complement existing NEES tsunami facilities both in the present and future studies. The funds provided from this proposal will be used to educate and support two graduate students. The results of this research will be incorporated into existing undergraduate and graduate level courses, and a new graduate course on Natural Hazards will be jointly developed by PIs. The results will be disseminated to a broad scientific and engineering audience through publications in high-impact professional journals and via presentations at national and international meetings. K12 audience will be reached by popular lectures and Internet postings emphasizing the important role of Civil Engineering profession in mitigation of natural hazards.