MRI: Development of a Combination High Resolution and Low Current Density Inverse Photoemission Spectrograph for Research and Eduction

近年来，在高关联电子系统、纳米材料、有机半导体和分子电子学中有前途的物种等新材料的开发方面取得了巨大的进展。 虽然光电子能谱在确定这些材料的关键特性方面发挥了核心作用，但在理解EF以上的光谱功能方面取得的进展明显较少。 逆光电发射光谱（IPE）是探测这一能量范围的自然选择，但高电流密度和低能量分辨率限制了它在这些有趣系统中的应用。 拟议的仪器将大大缓解这些缺点，并开放实验审查的费米能级以上的这些有趣的材料的光谱功能。 从这种新仪器中获得的信息将使分子电子学或有机半导体应用的候选物种的智能设计成为可能。 同样，它将测试我们目前的理论理解的高度相关的电子系统的实验探测的能量和动量的光谱函数在一个新的制度。 我们将开发和构建新一代反向光电子能谱仪的原型，以满足现代材料科学的双重需求-低电流密度和高能量分辨率-同时保持高计数率。 这一目标将通过一个设计原理来实现，该设计原理利用了快速（f/5）垂直入射光栅摄谱仪和由两个源中的任何一个产生的空间延伸的线性电子斑之间的兼容性：一个修改的，高导电子枪，和一个高分辨率的电子能量单色器。 这种双源方法将使我们能够进行快速的探索性测量，然后在良好的计数率（~ 100 Hz）下以低电流密度（~0.1 mA/mm 2）或高分辨率（~ 50 meV）研究有趣的功能。 这些仪器将服务于特拉华州大学、罗格斯大学和其他邻近机构的研究界。 有了这台仪器，PI将在学术界内外增加他们强大的外展记录，并确保代表性不足的团体成员直接参与我们的研究活动。这台仪器将为现代凝聚态和材料物理、半导体有机材料、有机分子电子学、电子学和生物化学等领域的广泛问题提供以前无法实现的实验途径。现代电子学和超导性。 这种新仪器将以非常高的能量分辨率探测导电系统中未填充的电子能级，同时对其他电荷载流子的扰动最小，对材料系统的损害最小。 我们提出了一个程序来开发和构建新一代反向光电子能谱仪的原型，这将服务于现代材料科学的双重需求-低电流密度和高能量分辨率-同时保持高计数率。 虽然传统的光电子能谱在确定这些材料的填充电子能级中的键合和电荷载流子的关键特性方面发挥了核心作用，但在了解未填充能级方面取得的进展明显较少。 逆光电发射光谱（IPE）是探测这一能量范围的自然选择，但高电流密度和低能量分辨率限制了它在这些有趣系统中的应用。 拟议的文书将大大减轻这些缺点。 从这种新仪器中获得的信息将使分子电子学或有机半导体应用的候选物种的智能设计成为可能。 同样，它将测试我们目前的高度相关的电子系统的理论理解，例如，超导体，通过实验探测的能量和动量的光谱函数在一个新的制度的依赖性。 这些仪器将服务于特拉华州大学、罗格斯大学和其他邻近机构的研究界。 有了拟议的工具，PI将增加他们在学术界内外的外联活动的良好记录，并确保代表性不足的群体的成员直接参与我们的研究活动。

Recently, tremendous advances have been achieved in the development of new materials such as highly correlated electron systems, nanoscale materials, organic semiconductors and promising species for molecular electronics. While photoelectron spectroscopy has played a central role in establishing key properties of these materials, there has been markedly less progress towards understanding the spectral function above EF. Inverse photoemission (IPE) spectroscopy is the natural choice for probing this energy range, but high current densities and low energy resolution limit its application to these interesting systems. The proposed instrument will greatly relieve these shortcomings and open to experimental scrutiny the spectral function above the Fermi level of these interesting materials. The information gained from this new instrument will enable intelligent design of candidate species for molecular electronics or organic semiconductor applications. Similarly it will test our current theoretical understanding of highly correlated electron systems by experimentally probing the energy and momentum dependence of the spectral function in a new regime. We will develop and construct the prototype for a new generation of inverse photoemission spectrographs that will serve the dual demands of modern materials science -- low current density and high energy resolution -- while maintaining high count rates. This objective will be achieved by a design principle that exploits the compatibility between a fast (f/5) normal incidence grating spectrograph and the spatially extended linear electron spot produced by either of two sources: a modified, high perveance electron gun, and a high resolution electron energy monochromator. This dual source approach will enable us to perform rapid exploratory measurements and then investigate interesting features either with low current densities (~0.1 mA/mm2) or with high resolution (~ 50 meV) at good count rates (~ 100 Hz). The instruments will serve the research community at the University of Delaware, Rutgers University, and other neighboring institutions. With the proposed instrument, the PI's will add to their strong track record of outreach both within and out of the academic communities, as well as ensure members of underrepresented groups have direct participation in our research activities.The proposed instrument will give previously unattainable experimental access a wide range of problems in modern condensed matter and materials physics, semiconducting organic materials, organic molecular electronics, modern electronics, and superconductivity. This new instrument will probe, with very high energy resolution, the unfilled electronic levels in conducting systems with minimal perturbation of the other charge carriers and minimal damage to the materials system. We propose a program to develop and construct the prototype for a new generation of inverse photoemission spectrographs that will serve the dual demands of modern materials science -- low current density and high energy resolution -- while maintaining high count rates. While traditional photoelectron spectroscopy has played a central role in establishing key properties of the bonding and charge carriers in the filled electronic levels of these materials, there has been markedly less progress towards understanding the unfilled levels. Inverse photoemission (IPE) spectroscopy is the natural choice for probing this energy range, but high current densities and low energy resolution limit its application to these interesting systems. The proposed instrument will greatly relieve these shortcomings. The information gained from this new instrument will enable intelligent design of candidate species for molecular electronics or organic semiconductor applications. Similarly it will test our current theoretical understanding of highly correlated electron systems, for example, superconductors, by experimentally probing the energy and momentum dependence of the spectral function in a new regime. The instruments will serve the research community at the University of Delaware, Rutgers University, and other neighboring institutions. With the proposed instrument, the PI's will add to their strong track record of outreach both within and out of the academic communities, as well as ensure members of underrepresented groups have direct participation in our research activities.