Somatic Karyotype Analysis of the Maize Genome

该项目将开发一种方法来视觉识别玉米的十条染色体中的每一条。将产生一组定位于每条染色体上特定位点并产生特定荧光模式的探针。一旦该方法得到优化，将确定不同玉米种质和近缘物种之间的核型（染色体图像）变异。将建立这些材料中细胞器基因组转移到细胞核的类型。核型分析系统将被用来检查杂交植物的基因组大小变化的性质，通过确定在基因组中的不同位置的重复序列阵列的数量的变化。引物原位标记结合聚合酶链反应扩增将适用于玉米染色体，并用于测试检测重复序列的特定亚类以及单个基因和引入基因的可视化的能力。染色体涂染探针将从不同的来源开发，并用于标记染色体与多种颜色，作为检测染色体结构的细微变化的辅助。玉米染色体鉴定系统的建立将促进玉米基因组学的研究。由于能够识别每条染色体，因此可以很容易地确定染色体数量和结构的变化。检查染色体行为或重排的研究将大大方便。利用引物原位聚合酶链反应扩增技术可以观察到不同玉米品系基因结构的变异。该项目的完成将揭示关于染色体结构、细胞器基因组转移、重复序列的行为和变异以及基因组进化的新知识。项目成果的获取结果将在出版物和与MaizeGDB数据库链接的项目网站上公布。

The project will develop a method to visually identify each of the ten chromosomes of maize. A set of probes that localize to specific sites on each chromosome and that produce a specific pattern of fluorescence will be generated. Once this method is optimized, the variation of karyotypes (chromosome images) among diverse maize germplasm and closely related species will be determined. The types of organelle genome transfer to the nucleus in these materials will be established. The karyotyping system will be used to examine the nature of genome size variation in hybrid plants by determination of changes in quantity of repetitive sequence arrays at different locations in the genome. Primed in situ labeling coupled with polymerase chain reaction amplification will be adapted for maize chromosomes and used to test the ability to detect specific subclasses of repeated sequences as well as the visualization of individual genes and introduced genes. Chromosome painting probes will be developed from diverse sources and used to label the chromosomes with multiple colors as an aid to detection of subtle changes in chromosome structure. The development of a robust chromosome identification system will enhance studies of maize genomics. With the ability to identify each chromosome, determinations of changes in chromosome number and structure can be easily made. Investigations that examine chromosome behavior or rearrangement will be greatly facilitated. Variations in gene structure in different lines of maize can be visualized using primed in situ polymerase chain reaction amplification. The completion of this project will reveal new knowledge about chromosome structure, organelle genome transfer, the behavior and variation of repetitive sequences and the evolution of the genome. Access to project outcomesThe results will be presented in publications and a project website that will be linked to the MaizeGDB database.