Maize Artificial Chromosomes

玉米人工染色体

• 批准号: 0701297
• 负责人: James Birchler
• 金额: $ 190.28万
• 依托单位: University of Missouri-Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-01 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0701297&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Maize; Artificial; Chromosomes

PI: James Birchler, University of Missouri-ColumbiaThe development of plant artificial chromosome technology will establish methods to introduce whole suites of traits into plants. Artificial chromosome platforms will be produced by introduction of the specialized ends of chromosomes, called telomeres, through transformation of maize. Introduced telomeres cause the modified chromosome to truncate. If this occurs near the centromere, the part of the chromosome required for transmission of chromosomes during replication and cell division, a minichromosome is formed. The goals of this project are to optimize the artificial chromosome technology in maize. Specific goals include 1) determine the optimal size of the introduced telomere for minichromosome formation 2) add visible markers to track transmission of the minichromosome between generations 3) add a cassette to permit future modification of the minichromosome 4) determine how many artificial minichromosomes plants will tolerate 5) add a selectable marker to ensure minichromosomes will be transferred in crosses for corn breeding. Artificial chromosomes have the potential to improve plant resistance to insects and disease, enhance biofuels production, and enable sustainable agriculture including reducing the needs for herbicides and fertilizer.The project will involve training at the postgraduate, graduate and undergraduate levels. Outreach will involve organizing a conference on transgenic crops and artificial chromosome technology with involvement of journalism students to develop science-reporting skills. Education of the general public about transgenic crop issues will be fostered by participation of the principal investigator in the "Saturday Morning Science" lectures at the University of Missouri. The outreach activities will bring together scientists to discuss plant transgenics and artificial chromosome technology, provide opportunities for high school and undergraduates to learn about this field, foster the development of science journalism and communicate issues of plant biotechnology to the general public.Information about methods to produce engineered chromosomes and the availability of the various materials generated will be available at http://maizeminichromosomes.missouri.edu.

首席研究员：James Birchler，密苏里哥伦比亚大学植物人工染色体技术的发展将建立将整套性状引入植物的方法。人工染色体平台将通过玉米转化引入染色体的特殊末端（称为端粒）来生产。引入的端粒导致修饰的染色体截短。如果这种情况发生在着丝粒（复制和细胞分裂过程中传递染色体所需的染色体部分）附近，则会形成微型染色体。该项目的目标是优化玉米人工染色体技术。具体目标包括 1) 确定用于微型染色体形成的引入端粒的最佳大小 2) 添加可见标记以跟踪微型染色体在世代之间的传递 3) 添加盒以允许未来对微型染色体进行修饰 4) 确定植物能够耐受多少人工微型染色体 5) 添加可选择标记以确保微型染色体将在玉米育种的杂交中转移。 人工染色体有潜力提高植物对昆虫和疾病的抵抗力，提高生物燃料的生产，并实现可持续农业，包括减少对除草剂和肥料的需求。该项目将涉及研究生、研究生和本科生级别的培训。外展活动将包括组织一次有关转基因作物和人工染色体技术的会议，并邀请新闻系学生参与，以培养科学报道技能。首席研究员将参加密苏里大学的“周六上午科学”讲座，以促进公众对转基因作物问题的教育。外展活动将汇集科学家，讨论植物转基因和人工染色体技术，为高中生和本科生提供了解该领域的机会，促进科学新闻的发展，并向公众传达植物生物技术问题。有关生产工程染色体的方法以及所产生的各种材料的可用性的信息将在以下网址提供： http://maizeminichromosomes.missouri.edu。