Doctoral Dissertation Research: Macroregional Interactions at the Onavas Valley, Sonora, Mexico, during the late Pre-Hispanic Period

在Paul R. Fish博士的指导下…Emiliano Gallaga Murrieta将在墨西哥索诺拉南部亚基河中部地区的奥纳瓦斯山谷收集记录前西班牙人（公元1000-1550年）遗迹的考古数据。地理和自然条件使雅基河成为连接三个著名考古地区的天然堤道：中美洲，美国西南部和卡萨斯格兰德斯，奇瓦瓦州。虽然研究人员对前西班牙时代中美洲和美国西南部之间的联系进行了很长时间的争论，但对两者之间的相互作用发生的地区知之甚少。很少有考古证据表明，人、贝壳（用于珠宝）和其他产品从索诺拉海岸穿过雅基河谷，可能最远到达西马德雷山脉东侧的卡萨斯格兰德斯，或者美国西南部的北部。奥纳瓦斯河谷项目将提供重要的数据，使我们能够初步而关键地了解在墨西哥西北部一个鲜为人知的地区，前西班牙裔社区是如何与他们的环境和邻居互动的。该项目的主要目的是将奥纳瓦斯山谷的文化景观与Hohokam（美国西南部）、Cerro de Trincheras（索诺拉西北部）和Casas Grandes的文化景观进行比较。这种比较将为审查这些地区之间以及与中美洲之间的相互作用提供基础。为了实现这一目标，我们首先打算辨别和定义奥纳瓦斯山谷内的考古传统，然后研究与上述邻近地区的非本地互动。我们计划通过三种方法来实现这一目标：1)建立一个当地的年表和记录物质文化的诊断清单；2)通过建立该地区的景观结构（聚落格局、仪式和民族景观）；3)收集和分析贸易货物的制造、使用和交换证据。除了研究考古学感兴趣的问题外，该项目还将通过提高奥纳瓦斯山谷、索诺拉和美国西南部社区公众对考古学的理解水平，产生更广泛的影响。该项目将加强美国和墨西哥学者之间的研究合作，并通过两国学生和志愿者的参与以及雇用当地工人与当地社区的合作，为该地区未来的考古研究和教育奠定基础。已经在奥纳瓦斯河谷的主要社区开展了公共宣传工作（海报、学校访问、城镇会议），并将在数据收集和分析期间和之后继续进行。此外，这项调查的结果将以西班牙文和英文在两国的科学会议和期刊上传播。墨西哥和美国学生将通过参加一个两国项目和实地调查和材料分析方法方面的培训，获得个人和教育经验。

Under the supervision of Dr. Paul R. Fish Mr.. Emiliano Gallaga Murrieta will collect archaeological data recording pre-Hispanic (A.D. 1000-1550) material remains in the Onavas Valley in the Middle Yaqui River area in southern Sonora, Mexico. Geographical and physical conditions make the Yaqui River a natural causeway between three well-established archaeological regions: Mesoamerica, the U.S. Southwest, and Casas Grandes, Chihuahua. While researchers have debated at great length about the connections during pre-Hispanic times between Mesoamerica and the U.S. Southwest little is known about the regions in between where the suggested interaction took place. What little archaeological evidence there is suggests that people, shell (used for jewelry), and other products moved through the Yaqui River Valley from the Sonora coast and may have reached as far as Casas Grandes on the east side of the Sierra Madre Occidental, or the U.S. Southwest to the north. The Onavas Valley Project will provide important data allowing preliminary but critical insights into how pre-Hispanic communities interacted with their environment and their neighbors in a poorly known portion of Northwest Mexico.The main objective of this project is to compare the cultural landscape of the Onavas Valley with those of the Hohokam (in the U.S. Southwest), Cerro de Trincheras (northwest Sonora), and Casas Grandes cultures. The comparison will provide the basis for an examination of interactions among these areas and with Mesoamerica. To achieve this, we first intend to discern and define the archaeological traditions within the Onavas Valley and then examine non-local interactions with the aforementioned neighboring areas. We plan to accomplish this goal via three approaches: 1) by building a local chronology and a diagnostic inventory of recorded material culture; 2) by establishing the landscape structure (settlement pattern and ritual and ethnic landscape) of the area; and 3) by collecting and analyzing evidence for the manufacture, use, and exchange of trade goods.Beyond research questions of interest to archaeology, this project will have a broader impact by enhancing the level of public understanding of archaeology in the communities of the Onavas Valley and in Sonora, and in the Southwest of United States. The project will establish a basis for future archaeological research and education in the area by enhancing research collaboration between U.S. and Mexican scholars, and collaboration with the local communities by involving students and volunteers from both countries, and employing local workers. Public outreach efforts (posters, school visits, town meetings) have been undertaken already in the principal communities of the Onavas Valley and will continue during and after data collection and analysis. Furthermore, the results of this investigation will be disseminated at scientific meetings and in journals in both countries, in both Spanish and English. Mexican and American students will gain personal and educational experience by participating in a bi-national project and training in the methods of field survey and material analyses.