Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Traders and Farmers: The Multi-Settlement Community Organization in the Rio Sonora Region, Mexico

博士论文改进补助金：商人和农民：墨西哥里约索诺拉地区的多聚居社区组织

• 批准号: 1157690
• 负责人: Paul Fish
• 金额: $ 1.78万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-05-01 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1157690&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Traders

Under the direction of Dr. Paul Fish, Mr. Matthew Pailes will conduct research for his doctoral dissertation. He will investigate community structure and household exchange patterns in northeastern Sonora, Mexico, which developed between AD 900 and 1600. In this region, the interests of households to maintain subsistence autonomy, in conflict with the need to form larger groups for security and other reasons, led to unique organizational patterns. This research is broadly important because it provides insight into how groups and alliances form in traditional small scale societies and how they are maintained or altered over substantial periods of time.Sixteenth century accounts of Spanish explorers describe hierarchically organized territorial communities in northeastern Sonora. Previous researchers argued defensive needs and elite control of long distance exchange were the foundation of community organization. A pilot study in the Moctezuma Valley provided data contrary to this reconstruction. Communities appear to be small, relatively unorganized, and integrated through local exchange. The insights from this pilot study are the basis for two research questions: 1) Were communities actually composed of small settlement groups lacking in inter- or intra-community political differentiation? and if so, 2) Did the small scale of communities encourage households to maximize local settlement ties as a means of risk mitigation? To answer these questions Mr Pailes will intensively map and excavate a sample of structures at the largest sites in three settlement communities. This will provide data on internal settlement organization and test whether the settlements held structurally equivalent roles in their respective communities. A second line of research will employ microscopic techniques to investigate the provenance of ceramic artifacts. Provenance data determined from petrography will indicate the extent and variability in household economic ties to other communities and will serve as a proxy for inferring social relationships. The project also will refine the poor chronology of this region through ceramic seriation and thermoluminescence dating of pot sherds. This proposed project has broader impacts for several reasons. It will provide detailed information on an understudied region between the better-known U.S. Southwest and Mesoamerica and contribute significantly to reconstructions of pan-regional political trajectories. Simply refining the chronology in northeastern Sonora will have significant impacts. Community outreach is a focus of the planned work. To foster a sense of connectivity to the past, local residents will be employed during excavation. The project will invite local students and residents to visit the excavations. These efforts will inform local residents of the value of archaeological remains and discourage their unneeded destruction. A Mexican collaborator will be involved with the project to encourage international cooperation and interest in shared research questions. The project will provide experience to undergraduate and graduate students at the University of Arizona.Data will be disseminated through a variety of means. Traditional scholarly journal articles and formal conference presentations will be produced for Spanish and English audiences. M. Pailes will give several public lectures in the United States and will lead site tours to the area for avocational and other interested groups. Copies of the dissertation will be provided to Mexican government offices and institutions.

在Paul Fish博士的指导下，Matthew Pailes先生将为他的博士论文进行研究。他将调查社区结构和家庭交换模式在东北部索诺拉，墨西哥，这之间的公元900年和1600年发展。在这一地区，家庭维持生存自主的利益与出于安全和其他原因而形成更大群体的需要相冲突，导致了独特的组织模式。这项研究是广泛的重要，因为它提供了洞察群体和联盟如何形成在传统的小规模的社会，以及他们如何保持或改变了相当长的一段时间。十六世纪的西班牙探险家帐户描述等级组织的领土社区在东北部索诺拉。以前的研究者认为，防御性需求和精英对远距离交流的控制是社区组织的基础。在蒙特祖马山谷进行的一项试点研究提供的数据与这一重建相反。社区似乎很小，相对无组织，并通过当地交流融合。从这个试点研究的见解是两个研究问题的基础上：1）社区实际上是由小定居群体缺乏社区间或社区内的政治分化？如果是，2）社区的小规模是否鼓励家庭最大限度地扩大当地定居关系，作为减轻风险的手段？为了回答这些问题，Pailes先生将在三个定居点社区的最大遗址上密集地绘制和挖掘结构样本。这将提供关于定居点内部组织的数据，并检验定居点在各自社区中是否发挥着结构上等同的作用。第二条研究路线将采用显微镜技术来调查陶瓷文物的来源。从岩相学确定的种源数据将表明家庭与其他社区的经济联系的程度和可变性，并将作为推断社会关系的代理。该项目还将通过陶瓷系列和锅碎片的热释光测年来完善该地区的不良年表。由于若干原因，拟议的项目具有更广泛的影响。它将提供有关美国西南部和中美洲之间未充分研究的地区的详细信息，并为泛区域政治轨迹的重建做出重大贡献。简单地提炼索诺拉东北部的年表将产生重大影响。社区外联是计划工作的一个重点。为了培养与过去的联系感，挖掘期间将雇用当地居民。该项目将邀请当地学生和居民参观挖掘工作。这些努力将使当地居民了解考古遗迹的价值，并阻止对其进行不必要的破坏。一名墨西哥合作者将参与该项目，以鼓励国际合作和对共同研究问题的兴趣。该项目将向亚利桑那大学的本科生和研究生提供经验，并将通过各种手段传播数据。传统的学术期刊文章和正式的会议介绍将为西班牙语和英语观众制作。M.派尔斯将在美国举行几次公开讲座，并将带领游客和其他感兴趣的团体到该地区进行现场图尔斯参观。论文的副本将提供给墨西哥政府部门和机构。