Collaborative Research: Power and Economy at the Marana Mound Site: Structure of an Early Classic Center Near Tucson, Arizona

合作研究：马拉纳土丘遗址的电力和经济：亚利桑那州图森附近早期经典中心的结构

• 批准号: 0078452
• 负责人: Paul Fish
• 金额: $ 16.98万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-08-01 至 2004-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0078452&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Power; Economy; Marana

With National Science Foundation support Drs. Paul and Suzanne Fish and James Bayman will conduct archaeological research at the Marana Mound site, located in the Tucson Basin of Arizona. Associated with the prehistoric Hohokam culture, the site dates to the early Classic Period (1150-1300 AD) and was occupied for approximately 100 years. The mound site was constructed at a central geographical point and represents the top level within a broader three tier hierarchical community. It is approximately 1.5 km. long and .5 km wide. Because it is not situated in a favorable riverine or upland locale, it received water from a 10 kilometer long canal constructed from the Santa Cruz River. Composed of compounds of ca. 5500 square meters with up to 20 enclosed structures, the site population probably ranged between 500 and 750 people. In a number of ways the site is unique from its smaller counterparts. Not only is it the largest but it also is the only one which contained significant numbers of distant trade items. A neutron activation sourcing study suggests that it, along with two other large sites, participated in a common exchange network that differed from acquisition patterns and ceramic sources in other community settlements. Assemblages recovered from house floors are distinctive in the number and variety of items represented and the high frequency of artifacts linked to craft production and personal ornamentation. Thus there is a marked concentration of imported items and manufacturing activities at the mound site compared to other settlements. While the Marana Mound is distinguished from its smaller counterparts, there appears however to be minimal internal differentiation within the site itself and this finding runs contra to archaeological preconceptions. As site hierarchies emerge and class structure becomes apparent, normally internal differention within individual communities occurs as well. Based on limited evidence from Marana Mound however such did not happen. The team will examine potential differentiation at the site through a four-tiered sampling design focusing on compound clusters, compounds, rooms and trash mounds. Evidence for differential advantage and competitive strategies will be sought in four realms: 1. Access to and consumption of exotic or high value items; 2. Economic activities beyond ordinary subsistence production and consumption; 3. Involvement in external exchange; and 4. Participation in communal or integrative observances as signaled by ritually-related items. This research will provide insight into the paths which led to the rise of complex societies. It shed new light on North American prehistory and provide data of interest to many archaeologists.

在美国国家科学基金会的支持下，保罗博士、苏珊娜·菲什博士和詹姆斯·贝曼博士将在位于亚利桑那州图森盆地的马拉纳丘遗址进行考古研究。与史前Hohokam文化有关，该遗址可追溯到早期古典时期（公元1150-1300年），并被占用了大约100年。该土丘遗址建在一个中心地理位置，代表了更广泛的三层分层社区的顶层。距离约1.5公里。长0.5公里宽因为它不是位于一个有利的河流或高地地区，它收到了水从一个10公里长的运河建造的圣克鲁斯河。由Ca的化合物组成。5500平方米，最多有20个封闭结构，现场人口可能在500到750人之间。在许多方面，该网站是独特的，从其较小的同行。它不仅是最大的，而且也是唯一一个包含大量远距离贸易项目的港口。中子活化源研究表明，它，沿着与其他两个大型网站，参与了一个共同的交换网络，不同的收购模式和陶瓷来源，在其他社区定居点。从房屋地板上恢复的组合在代表物品的数量和种类以及与工艺生产和个人纪念相关的文物的高频率方面是与众不同的。因此，与其他定居点相比，进口物品和制造活动明显集中在土丘遗址。虽然Marana Mound与其较小的同行有所区别，但在遗址本身内部似乎存在最小的内部差异，这一发现与考古学的先入之见背道而驰。随着网站层次结构的出现和阶级结构变得明显，通常在个别社区内部的分化也会发生。然而，根据来自Marana Mound的有限证据，这种情况并没有发生。该小组将通过一个四层抽样设计，重点是化合物群、化合物、房间和垃圾土丘，检查现场的潜在差异。差异化优势和竞争战略的证据将在四个领域寻求：1。获取和消费外来或高价值物品; 2. 3.超出正常生活生产和消费的经济活动;参与对外交流; 4。参与社区或综合纪念活动，如仪式相关项目所示。这项研究将提供深入了解导致复杂社会兴起的途径。它为北美史前史提供了新的线索，并为许多考古学家提供了感兴趣的数据。