The Ecology of Prochlorococcus: Toward a Model System for Microbial Oceanography
原绿球藻的生态学:建立微生物海洋学模型系统
基本信息
- 批准号:0425602
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 120万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2004
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2004-09-01 至 2010-08-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
The power of a model system for advancing our understanding of the natural world has been proven repeatedly in diverse sub-disciplines of science. This approach is equally valuable for the study of marine microbial ecology, either through the sustained study of a particular ecosystem, or through the study of a particular organism at all scales of organization from the genome to the ecosystem level. In this project the investigators will do the latter through a diverse set of laboratory and field studies designed to advance the understanding of Prochlorococcus, the numerically dominant phytoplankter in the world oceans. The objective is to understand what regulates the distribution and abundance of this important primary producer. Prochlorococcus has a number of features that make it a useful model organism for understanding the forces that shape marine microbial systems, and for generating hypotheses that will advance the field of Microbial Oceanography. It is the smallest and most abundant photosynthetic cell in the oceans, it can be isolated into culture, and it can be easily enumerated and studied in situ. Furthermore, it has the smallest genome of any known photosynthetic cell -- the minimal phototroph to date. Prochlorococcus is really a collection of "ecotypes", i.e., closely related but physiologically distinct populations that co-exist with different distributions along the light, temperature, nutrient, and predator (including viruses) gradients that shape their habitat. These distributions are determined by the relative fitness of the cells, i.e. the balance of growth rates and death rates along these gradients. The broad challenge is to understand the forces that have shaped this microdiversity over evolutionary time, and that guide the self-organization of these populations under different selective regimes. This is a multi-dimensional project designed to understand the "bottom up" (growth limitation by light, temperature, oxygen, and nutrients) and "top down" (mortality from viruses and grazing) influences on the population growth of different Prochlorococcus ecotypes through both laboratory and field studies. The project will involve high-throughput studies of the growth of ecotypes along gradients of environmental variables in the laboratory, as well as studies of the distribution of ecotypes along spatial and temporal gradients in the field (at the Hawaii and Bermuda Time Series Stations, along a longitudinal Atlantic transect, and in Oxygen Minimum Zones in the Arabian Sea and Peruvian Upwelling) using Q-PCR to assess their relative abundance. The investigators will also study the life cycle of viruses that infect Prochlorococcus and cross infect between ecotypes, and the growth and mortality rates of specific ecotypes in field samples due to grazing pressure. Another set of analyses will measure the full diversity of co-occurring Prochlorococcus in selected field samples, and work toward understanding at what level genetic diversity corresponds to ecologically meaningful diversity. Finally, the study will develop statistical methods for the characterization and analysis of Prochlorococcus ecotype "fitness spaces" established in the laboratory, and compare them with the distribution of ecotypes along environmental gradients in the field. This will allow a rigorously analysis of the degree to which different selective pressures shape the relative abundance of the different Prochlorococcus ecotypes in the oceans, and how they change over time and space. Broader Impacts. This project will support (in whole or in part) the research of 5 graduate students and post-docs, three of them women, as well as undergraduate researchers. Through a formal collaboration with the Museum of Science we will also develop exhibits that focus on marine microbiology. The investigators are also participating in MIT's Knowledge Update Program, which produces multi-media educational briefings designed for both professional and student audiences to provide a focused, quick immersion into emerging fields. Finally, the participants will be working with an anthropologist at MIT who is working on a book, tentatively entitled Mapping a Sea of Genes, that will offer an anthropological look at exploring the ocean in the age of genomics. The author has been interacting with the research group to get a documentary sense of work on ocean microbes and their genes. This book will transform the way scientists, policy makers and lay public understand the sea.
模型系统在促进我们对自然世界的理解方面的力量已经在科学的不同分支学科中得到了反复证明。 这种方法对于海洋微生物生态学的研究同样有价值,无论是通过对特定生态系统的持续研究,还是通过从基因组到生态系统一级的所有组织规模对特定有机体的研究。 在这个项目中,研究人员将通过一系列不同的实验室和实地研究来完成后者,这些研究旨在促进对原绿球藻的了解,原绿球藻是世界海洋中数量上占主导地位的植物浮游生物。 目的是了解是什么调节了这一重要的初级生产者的分布和丰度。 原绿球藻具有许多特征,使其成为了解塑造海洋微生物系统的力量的有用模式生物,并产生将推进微生物海洋学领域的假设。 它是海洋中最小和最丰富的光合作用细胞,可以分离培养,并且可以很容易地进行计数和原位研究。 此外,它具有任何已知的光合细胞中最小的基因组-迄今为止最小的光养细胞。 原绿球藻实际上是“生态型”的集合,即,密切相关但生理上不同的种群,沿着塑造其栖息地的光,温度,营养和捕食者(包括病毒)梯度以不同的分布共存。 这些分布由细胞的相对适合度决定,即生长率和死亡率沿着这些梯度的平衡。 更广泛的挑战是要了解在进化过程中塑造这种微多样性的力量,以及在不同的选择制度下指导这些种群的自我组织的力量。这是一个多维的项目,旨在了解“自下而上”(生长限制的光,温度,氧气和营养)和“自上而下”(死亡率从病毒和放牧)的影响,通过实验室和实地研究不同的原绿球藻生态型的人口增长。 该项目将涉及在实验室中对生态类型沿着环境变量梯度的增长情况进行高通量研究,以及在实地(夏威夷和百慕大时间序列站、大西洋纵向断面沿着、阿拉伯海和秘鲁上升流的最低含氧量区)对生态类型沿沿着空间和时间梯度的分布情况进行研究,以评估其相对丰度。 研究人员还将研究感染原绿球藻和生态型之间交叉感染的病毒的生命周期,以及由于放牧压力导致的田间样本中特定生态型的生长和死亡率。 另一组分析将测量选定的现场样品中共存原绿球藻的全部多样性,并努力了解遗传多样性在什么水平上对应于生态上有意义的多样性。 最后,本研究将开发统计方法,用于表征和分析实验室中建立的原绿球藻生态型“适合度空间”,并将其与田间沿着环境梯度的生态型分布进行比较。 这将允许严格分析不同的选择压力在多大程度上塑造了海洋中不同原绿球藻生态型的相对丰度,以及它们如何随时间和空间而变化。更广泛的影响。 该项目将(全部或部分)支持5名研究生和博士后(其中3名为女性)以及本科研究人员的研究。 通过与科学博物馆的正式合作,我们还将开发以海洋微生物学为重点的展品。 研究人员还参加了麻省理工学院的知识更新计划,该计划为专业和学生观众制作多媒体教育简报,以提供一个集中,快速沉浸到新兴领域。 最后,与会者将与麻省理工学院的一位人类学家合作,他正在写一本书,暂定名为《基因之海》,这本书将从人类学的角度探讨基因组时代的海洋探索。 作者一直在与研究小组互动,以获得关于海洋微生物及其基因的工作的文献感。 这本书将改变科学家,政策制定者和公众对海洋的理解。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Sallie Chisholm其他文献
Sallie Chisholm的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Sallie Chisholm', 18)}}的其他基金
Collaborative Research: EDGE-FGT: Furthering Progress on a Genetic System for the Oceans' Most Abundant Phototrophs
合作研究:EDGE-FGT:海洋最丰富的光养生物遗传系统的进一步进展
- 批准号:
2319332 - 财政年份:2023
- 资助金额:
$ 120万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
EDGE FGT: Genetic Tools for Picocyanobacteria that Dominate the Oceans
EDGE FGT:主宰海洋的微微蓝藻的遗传工具
- 批准号:
2035181 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
$ 120万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
IOS EDGE: Development of genetic tools for the dominant phototroph in the sea
IOS EDGE:开发海洋中优势光养生物的遗传工具
- 批准号:
1645061 - 财政年份:2017
- 资助金额:
$ 120万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Membrane vesicles produced by marine bacteria: origins, distributions, and functions
海洋细菌产生的膜囊泡:起源、分布和功能
- 批准号:
1356460 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 120万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Microevolution and population dynamics of Prochlorococcus cells in the ocean: Insights through single-cell genomics
海洋中原绿球藻细胞的微进化和种群动态:通过单细胞基因组学的见解
- 批准号:
1145734 - 财政年份:2012
- 资助金额:
$ 120万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Nitrate Assimilation and the Ecology of Prochlorococcus: Features and Implications of Intraspecific Diversity in a Model Marine Phototroph
硝酸盐同化和原绿球藻生态学:模型海洋光养生物种内多样性的特征和意义
- 批准号:
1153588 - 财政年份:2012
- 资助金额:
$ 120万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Southern Ocean Iron Experiment (SOFeX): Mesoscale Iron Fertilization Effects on Plankton Community Structure, Growth and Zooplankton Grazing
合作研究:南大洋铁实验(SOFeX):中尺度铁施肥对浮游生物群落结构、生长和浮游动物放牧的影响
- 批准号:
0000330 - 财政年份:2001
- 资助金额:
$ 120万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
SGER: Construction of a Whole Genome Micro-Array for the Marine Cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus
SGER:海洋蓝藻原绿球菌全基因组微阵列的构建
- 批准号:
0107472 - 财政年份:2001
- 资助金额:
$ 120万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Regulation of Population Dynamics of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus Ecotypes in Diverse Oceanoic Ecosystems
不同海洋生态系统中原绿球藻和聚球藻生态型种群动态的调控
- 批准号:
9820035 - 财政年份:1999
- 资助金额:
$ 120万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Metal Speciation and Cyanolbacterial Ecology in the Sargasso Sea
马尾藻海的金属形态和蓝藻生态学
- 批准号:
9701681 - 财政年份:1997
- 资助金额:
$ 120万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
相似海外基金
NSF-BSF: Cell death, metabolism and the emergency of long-term survival through microbial interactions in Prochlorococcus, a globally abundant marine model cyanobacterium
NSF-BSF:原绿球藻(一种全球丰富的海洋模型蓝藻)中的微生物相互作用导致细胞死亡、新陈代谢和长期生存的紧急情况
- 批准号:
2246707 - 财政年份:2023
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Features and implications of nitrogen assimilation trait variability in populations of Prochlorococcus
原绿球藻种群氮同化性状变异的特征和意义
- 批准号:
2048470 - 财政年份:2021
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$ 120万 - 项目类别:
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Chromophore composition and assembly of phycoerythrin III of Prochlorococcus marinus CCMP1375
海原绿球藻 CCMP1375 的发色团组成和藻红蛋白 III 的组装
- 批准号:
427719995 - 财政年份:2019
- 资助金额:
$ 120万 - 项目类别:
Research Grants
Microbial ecology of coexisting ecotypes: Are all Prochlorococcus equal?
共存生态型的微生物生态学:所有原绿球藻都是平等的吗?
- 批准号:
1646709 - 财政年份:2016
- 资助金额:
$ 120万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Microbial ecology of coexisting ecotypes: Are all Prochlorococcus equal?
共存生态型的微生物生态学:所有原绿球藻都是平等的吗?
- 批准号:
1558924 - 财政年份:2016
- 资助金额:
$ 120万 - 项目类别:
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OCE-PRF: The contribution of Prochlorococcus mixotrophy to global ocean carbon cycling
OCE-PRF:混合营养原绿球藻对全球海洋碳循环的贡献
- 批准号:
1226165 - 财政年份:2013
- 资助金额:
$ 120万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Microevolution and population dynamics of Prochlorococcus cells in the ocean: Insights through single-cell genomics
海洋中原绿球藻细胞的微进化和种群动态:通过单细胞基因组学的见解
- 批准号:
1145734 - 财政年份:2012
- 资助金额:
$ 120万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Intracellular DOM: Fate and flux at the microbial nodes of C and N cycles in the ocean, with a focus on the primary producer Prochlorococcus
细胞内 DOM:海洋中 C 和 N 循环微生物节点的命运和通量,重点关注主要生产者原绿球藻
- 批准号:
1233964 - 财政年份:2012
- 资助金额:
$ 120万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Nitrate Assimilation and the Ecology of Prochlorococcus: Features and Implications of Intraspecific Diversity in a Model Marine Phototroph
硝酸盐同化和原绿球藻生态学:模型海洋光养生物种内多样性的特征和意义
- 批准号:
1153588 - 财政年份:2012
- 资助金额:
$ 120万 - 项目类别:
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Collaborative Research: Prochlorococcus and its contribution to new production in the Sargasso Sea
合作研究:原绿球藻及其对马尾藻海新产品的贡献
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1311252 - 财政年份:2012
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