Microevolution and population dynamics of Prochlorococcus cells in the ocean: Insights through single-cell genomics

海洋中原绿球藻细胞的微进化和种群动态：通过单细胞基因组学的见解

基本信息

批准号：
1145734
负责人：
Sallie Chisholm
金额：
$ 30万
依托单位：
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2012-01-15 至 2014-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1145734&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Microevolution population dynamics Prochlorococcus cells

项目摘要

Prochlorococcus is a bacterium that is widespread and abundant in the world oceans. As a photosynthetic cell, it uses sunlight to fix carbon dioxide into organic carbon, similar to plants on land. The global Prochlorococcus population in the oceans is made up of a diversity of "ecotypes," each of which has slightly different conditions for optimal growth. It is hypothesized that the diversity of this group of microbes allows it to thrive over broadly varying ocean habitats, but the genetic underpinnings of this diversity is very poorly understood. This research aims at advancing our understanding of the ecology and evolution of Prochlorococcus, by studying the genetic composition of single wild Prochlorococcus cells isolated from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans at different times of year. The study is motivated by two fundamental questions: (i) what is the relationship between the genetic composition of the cells and their ecological dynamics? (ii) how do populations adapt to their environment over ecological and evolutionary time scales?The broader significance of this work lies in the central role that Prochlorococcus plays in ocean ecology and the global carbon cycle. As the most abundant photosynthetic group in the oceans, Prochlorococcus is a critical component of the base of the food web. Because it conducts a sizable fraction of ocean photosynthesis, it plays an important role in the global carbon cycle and global climate processes. Understanding what regulates Prochlorococcus' diversity and dynamics is critical for developing predictive models of these important Earth system features.

占地氯环球菌是一种在世界海洋中广泛且丰富的细菌。作为光合细胞，它使用阳光将二氧化碳固定到有机碳中，类似于陆地上的植物。海洋中的全球核球菌人群由多种“生态型”组成，每个型号的生态型都有略有不同的最佳生长条件。假设这组微生物的多样性使其可以在广泛变化的海洋栖息地上繁衍生息，但是这种多样性的遗传基础知之甚少。这项研究旨在通过研究从一年中的不同时间从大西洋和太平洋分离的单个野生野生型氯环球细胞的遗传组成，以促进我们对甲氯环球菌的生态和进化的理解。这项研究是由两个基本问题激励的：（i）细胞的遗传组成与其生态动力学之间有什么关系？（ii）种群如何根据生态和进化时间尺度适应其环境？这项工作的更广泛的意义在于，核球菌在海洋生态学和全球碳循环中发挥的核心作用。作为海洋中最丰富的光合群体，ProChoroccus是食物网基底部的关键组成部分。由于它具有大量的海洋光合作用，因此它在全球碳循环和全球气候过程中起着重要作用。了解哪些调节核酸菌的多样性和动态对于开发这些重要的地球系统特征的预测模型至关重要。