BAC Libraries for the Reptilia, Including Birds: Genomic Resources for Comparative Biology

BAC 爬虫类（包括鸟类）文库：比较生物学的基因组资源

• 批准号: 0431717
• 负责人: Scott Edwards
• 金额: $ 71.51万
• 依托单位: Harvard University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-02-01 至 2005-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0431717&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: BAC; Libraries; Reptilia; Including; Birds

0207870EdwardsBacterial artificial chromosome libraries are collections of large (100, 000 - 200,000 DNA base pair) DNA fragments that are made retrievable and manipulatable by insertion into a specialized vector. As resources for easily obtaining large amounts of DNA sequences for comparative purposes, for understanding the structure of eukaryotic genomes, and for expressing and manipulating genes and their phenotypic effects in developing embryos, BAC libraries are unsurpassed. However, constructing BAC libraries is beyond the abilities of most laboratories not specifically tailored for this purpose. This project will consist of constructing, archiving and disseminating to the international community of scientists BAC libraries from five species of Reptilia, including a bird. The five focal species will be Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta), Tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus), South American Worm Lizard (an amphisbaenian; Amphisbaea alba), American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis), and the flightless Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae). In the event that an appropriate Tuatara sample is not available (a distinct possibility given its endangered status and restricted range in New Zealand), a BAC library from a snake will be constructed. Reptilia, consisting of birds as well as species commonly referred to as reptiles, are poorly studied from genetic, developmental, genomic and phylogenetic perspectives; although Reptilia are much more diverse than their sister group, the mammals, mammals are much better studied as model biological species. The construction and arraying of BAC libraries from these species will open up many new avenues of research into reptile genomics that were previously unapproachable. There will be many scientific uses for these BAC libraries, including facilitating acquisition of comparative DNA data for phylogenetic and comparative genomic purposes, and a better understanding of the function of genes responsible for many features first appearing in the reptiles, such as feathers, temperature-dependent sex determination, limb reduction and loss, and large-scale genome reduction compared to mammals. Thus these libraries will fill a major gap in our understanding of vertebrate genomics, a rapidly progressing discipline spurred on by the recent sequencing of the complete human, mouse and pufferfish genomes.

0207870爱德华细菌人工染色体文库是大的（100，000 - 200，000个DNA碱基对）DNA片段的集合，通过插入到专门的载体中使其可检索和可操作。 BAC文库作为容易获得大量DNA序列用于比较目的、用于理解真核基因组的结构以及用于表达和操纵基因及其在发育胚胎中的表型效应的资源是无与伦比的。 然而，构建BAC文库超出了大多数实验室的能力，而不是专门为此目的而定制的。 该项目将包括构建、存档和向国际科学界传播包括一种鸟类在内的五种爬行动物的BAC图书馆。 这五个重点物种将是彩龟（Painemys picta），Tuatara（Sphenodon punctatus），南美蠕虫蜥蜴（Amphisbaenian; Amphisbaea alba），美洲短吻鳄（Alligator mississippiensis）和不会飞的鸸鹋（Dromaius novaehollaniensis）。 如果没有合适的Tuatara样本（鉴于其在新西兰的濒危地位和有限的范围，这是一种明显的可能性），将建立一个蛇的BAC文库。 爬行动物，包括鸟类以及通常被称为爬行动物的物种，从遗传，发育，基因组和系统发育的角度研究很少;虽然爬行动物比它们的姐妹群哺乳动物更多样化，但哺乳动物作为模式生物物种进行了更好的研究。 从这些物种中构建和排列BAC文库将为爬行动物基因组学研究开辟许多新的途径，这在以前是无法实现的。 这些BAC文库将有许多科学用途，包括促进获取系统发育和比较基因组目的的比较DNA数据，以及更好地了解负责首次出现在爬行动物中的许多特征的基因的功能，例如羽毛，温度依赖性性别决定，肢体减少和损失，以及与哺乳动物相比的大规模基因组减少。 因此，这些文库将填补我们对脊椎动物基因组学理解的一个主要空白，脊椎动物基因组学是一个快速发展的学科，最近对人类、小鼠和河豚的完整基因组进行了测序。