The Dynamics of Rules in Commons Dilemmas

公地规则的动态各种社会科学有助于理解人类如何在给定的实验游戏规则集上做出决定，如社会困境、协调和讨价还价。然而，游戏规则在现实生活中并不是固定的。关于人类如何能够改变公地困境中的规则的问题，还没有进行过系统的研究。根据实地调查，众所周知，人们在制定新规则方面投入了大量精力。这个项目将研究是什么导致个人投资于规则开发，以及哪些认知过程解释了人类制定新规则的能力。主要研究计划由三部分组成：实验室实验、实地实验和基于主体的模型。将进行一系列实验室实验，以分析改变游戏规则的选择对合作程度的影响，以及群体间交流和选择迁移的后果。将探索个体在试图优化特定游戏的规则集时的学习过程。现场实验的目的是研究经验在制定规则能力中的作用。哥伦比亚和东南亚的一些社区将参与其中，这些社区拥有主要的渔业、森林或灌溉资源利用。在这些角色游戏中，资源使用者群体将被要求为假设的共用资源制定规则，类似于渔业、森林或灌溉的关键问题。将调查这些组织为他们熟悉的资源和一些他们不熟悉的资源制定规则的能力。基于代理的模型将以实验数据为基础，并将探索策略和规则共同进化的数学特性。这些模型将侧重于识别学习过程、信息交换和博弈结构的组成部分，这些组成部分影响系统共同进化到合作均衡的能力。在实验室和实地实验的基础上，将开发一些基于网络的教育工具，使学生能够在公共困境中试验规则制定。该项目将通过结合实验室和实地实验以及对替代行为模型的经验测试，促进基于代理人的模型的方法论发展。通过了解哪些因素影响资源使用者有效改变体制规则的能力，它可能对政治学和生态系统治理产生广泛影响。该项目将加强亚洲、拉丁美洲和美国在实验研究和基于主体的建模方面的合作。开发的基于网络的教育工具将免费提供给世界各地的学生和教师。该项目得到了2004财年NSF人类和社会动力学竞赛(HSD)所产生的奖项的支持。计算机和信息科学与工程局和国际科学与工程办公室也在为这一项目提供支助。HSD竞赛和HSD奖项组合的协调管理涉及NSF的所有董事和办公室。

The Dynamics of Rules in Commons DilemmasVarious social sciences have contributed to understanding how humans make decisions in a given rule set of experimental games, such as social dilemmas, coordination, and bargaining. However, the rules of the games are not fixed in real-life settings. No systematic studies have been performed on the question of how humans are able to change the rules in commons dilemmas. From field studies it is well known that people invest significant effort in crafting new rules. This project will study what causes individuals to invest in rule development, and which cognitive processes explain the ability of humans to craft new rules. The main research plan consists of three components: laboratory experiments, experiments in the field, and agent-based models. A series of laboratory experiments will be conducted to analyze the effect of the option to change the rules of the game on the level of cooperation and the consequences of communication and options to migrate between groups. The processes by which individuals learn as they try to optimize the rule set for a specific game will be explored. The field experiments are aimed to study the role of experience in the ability to craft rules. A number of communities in Colombia and Southeast Asia that have a dominant resource use of fisheries, forest, or irrigation will participate. In these role games, groups of resource users will be asked to craft rules for a hypothetical common-pool resource, resembling the key problems of fisheries, forests, or irrigation. The capacity of the groups to craft rules for resources they are familiar with, and some with which they are not familiar will be investigated. The agent-based models will be based on the experimental data and will explore the mathematical properties of co-evolution of strategies and rules. These models will focus on identifying components of the learning processes, information exchange, and structure of the game that affect the ability of the system to co-evolve to a cooperative equilibrium. Based on the experiments in the laboratory and the field, a number of web-based educational tools will be developed, to allow students to experiment with rule-crafting in commons dilemmas. This project will contribute to the methodological development of agent-based models by combining laboratory and field experiments and to the empirical testing of alternative behavioral models. It may have a broad impact in political science and ecosystem governance by deriving an understanding of what factors affect the ability of resource users to change institutional rules effectively. The project will strengthen the collaboration on experimental research and agent-based modeling between Asia, Latin American and the USA. The web-based educational tools developed will be freely available to students and instructors all over the world. This project is supported by an award resulting from the FY 2004 NSF-wide competition on Human and Social Dynamics (HSD). The Directorate for Computer and Information Sciences and Engineering and the Office of International Science and Engineering are also contributing to support of this project. Coordinated management of the HSD competition and the portfolio of HSD awards involves all NSF directorates and offices.