Application of an Aerosol Model to Simulate Smoke and Marine Aerosols

该项目涉及继续维护和开发一个气溶胶/云模式，并将其应用于描述对流层气溶胶的行为和影响。该模型将对海盐气溶胶、海洋硫酸盐气溶胶以及烟雾进行数值模拟。结果将与数据进行比较，以更好地确定这些气溶胶的来源、它们对气候系统和大气化学的影响，以及对模型的要求以充分处理它们。该项目将调查烟雾的来源和分布。将进行由NCAR匹配模式的真实风驱动的详细区域模拟，并与几个现场活动和卫星的观测进行直接比较。这项工作的成果将是烟源函数，它将光学性质、光学厚度和烟羽高度与火灾强度、燃料类型和气象条件联系起来。该项目还将把该模型应用于海盐气溶胶。将进行由NCAR匹配模式的真实风驱动的详细区域模拟，并与观测结果进行直接比较。海盐的质量通量是所有气溶胶中最大的，目前使用的海盐源功能差别很大。此外，该项目将调查海洋硫酸盐气溶胶的来源和演化，并为在海洋边界层中同时调查云和气溶胶的模式奠定基础。由于海洋硫酸盐气溶胶是从生物产生的气体中产生的，并且由于它们对云的影响，因此引起了人们的极大兴趣。我们将讨论海洋云场中气溶胶演化的细节。为了充分了解云对气溶胶的响应和影响，需要开发一个完全耦合的模式。更广泛的影响：该项目将有助于研究生教育和博士后研究人员的培训。该模型将有助于继续努力更好地了解气溶胶对气候的直接影响。对海洋硫酸盐气溶胶和海盐的研究将有助于更好地了解气溶胶对云的间接影响。结果应该是用于全球气候模式的新的源函数，更好地定义光学性质，改进对过程的理解，以及对模型现实主义需求的评估。

This project involves the continued maintenance and development of an aerosol/cloud model and its application to describing the behavior and impacts of tropospheric aerosols. The model will numerically simulate sea salt aerosols, marine sulfate aerosols, as well as smoke. Results will be compared with data to better determine the sources of these aerosols, their impact on the climate system and on atmospheric chemistry, and the requirements for models to adequately treat them.The project will investigate the sources and distribution of smoke. Detailed regional simulations driven by real winds from the NCAR MATCH model will be performed and direct comparisons made with observations from several field campaigns and satellites. The product of this work will be smoke source functions that relate optical properties, optical depth, and plume height to the fire intensity, fuel type, and meteorological circumstances.The project will also apply the model to sea salt aerosols. Detailed regional simulations driven by real winds from the NCAR MATCH model will be performed making direct comparisons with observations. Sea salt has the greatest mass flux of any aerosol, and currently used sea salt source functions differ widely. The results should be improved source functions, and a better appreciation for the global distribution and climatologically importance of sea salt.In addition, the project will investigate the origins and evolution of marine sulfate aerosols and set the ground-work for a model in which both clouds and aerosols are investigated in the marine boundary layer. Marine sulfate aerosols are of great interest due to their production from biologically generated gases, and due to their influence on clouds. The details of the aerosol evolution in marine cloud fields will be treated. In order to fully understand how clouds respond to and influence aerosols, a fully coupled model needs to be developed. Broader impacts: This project will contribute to graduate education and the training of postdoctoral researchers. The modeling will contribute to on-going efforts to better understand the direct effects of aerosols on climate. The study of marine sulfate aerosols and of sea salt will help better understand the indirect effect of aerosols on clouds. The results should be new source functions for use in global climate models, better definitions of optical properties, improved understand of processes and evaluations of the needs for model realism.