CAREER: Model-Based Simulation of Wind Turbine Inflow Turbulence and Design Loads: An Integrative Plan for Research and Learning

摘要/ Abstract摘要：基于模型的风力机入流湍流度与设计载荷仿真：研究与学习一体化方案，CMS 0449128PI; Lance Manuel，美国德克萨斯大学，austin .了解三维入流风速场的空间结构对风力机的安全设计具有重要意义。目前在设计指南中描述这种流入湍流的尝试过于保守，并且没有根据涡轮机性能的现场研究和相关风况的同时记录（因为此类测试费用昂贵）而发展起来。此外，目前的指南建议基于流入相干谱模型来设计载荷，而这些模型已被证明与测量结果不一致，特别是在转子直径或更小的空间间隔上。此外，设计指南没有采用涡轮气动和结构动态响应模拟足够长的持续时间来匹配期望的回归周期（在20年的顺序）典型的极限和疲劳极限状态。显然，需要更多的现场测试程序和有效的建模程序来准确描述流入和涡轮响应，从而获得更准确的设计载荷。提出的职业发展计划解决了提出的每一个问题。首先，它提供了一种新的未经试验的方法来表征流入湍流随机场，通过使用风速统计数据的经验正交分解和直接从新可用的现场测量中获得的光谱提取空间首选“模式”来描述流入。其次，它提供了一种有效的方法，使利用来流结构分解对涡轮响应进行长时间气动模拟的可能性更加现实。最后，提出了一种基于结构可靠性和响应面概念的框架，将流入特性与以流入为条件的涡轮响应统计相结合，推导设计荷载。拟议的计划将广泛的现场数据与模拟研究相结合，以解决一个重要问题，该问题可能会导致更经济的风力涡轮机设计，并维持风力作为可再生能源的持续收集。总而言之，该研究计划的核心是，按顺序，以下任务：(i)开发有效的建模技术，利用现场数据来表征风流入的随机空间结构——这将产生最佳描述风场的主要正交优选空间“模式”；（ii）利用涡轮气动模拟来表征在(i)中确定的首选空间湍流模式下的涡轮响应；（iii）建立一个概率（基于结构可靠性）框架，该框架集成了(i)和（ii），允许使用足够长的模拟推导设计极限和疲劳载荷，以真实地反映20年的回归期。本提案概述了与本计划有关的研究、教育和外展活动。更广泛的影响需要指出的重要一点是，尽管美国在风能方面取得了巨大的增长，但我们国家在这一领域严重缺乏训练有素的工程师，并且不得不定期向西欧寻求技术/咨询援助。这需要改变，这个职业发展计划将提出一些想法，PI必须为我们的本科生和研究生提供这样的培训机会，包括实习机会，这将由该计划促进，K-12参与，以及PI计划的课程改进。预计这项研究也将为各种背景的个人提供学习经验：研究生和本科生研究助理，中/高中学生和教师，以及PI的本科工程统计课程和计划中的研究生风工程课程的大学生。本建议概述了与这些活动有关的细节。表示支持该计划取得成功的两个重要实体包括(a)桑迪亚国家实验室，它将为概述的努力提供实地数据，并将为五名本科少数民族学生提供暑期研究实习职位；(b) PI所在机构的工程机会均等（EOE）计划，该计划将促进代表性不足/少数民族学生参与本研究。这两个组织的承诺书载于本提案的“补充文件”一节，概述了它们的支持。

Abstract for: Model-Based Simulation of Wind Turbine Inflow Turbulence and Design Loads: An Integrative Planfor Research and Learning, CMS 0449128PI: Lance Manuel, University of Texas, AustinAn understanding of the spatial structure of the three-dimensional inflow wind velocity field is importantfor the safe design of wind turbines. Current attempts at characterizing this inflow turbulence in designguidelines are overly conservative and have not been developed following field studies of turbineperformance and simultaneous recording of associated wind conditions (because such tests are expensive).Also, today's guidelines recommend design loads based on inflow coherence spectral models that havebeen shown to be inconsistent with measurements, especially for spatial separations on the order of rotordiameters and smaller. Moreover, the design guidelines do not employ turbine aerodynamic and structuraldynamic response simulations of sufficiently long durations to match the desired return periods (on theorder of 20 years) typical for ultimate and fatigue limit states. Clearly, there is a need for more field testprograms and efficient modeling procedures to accurately describe the inflow and turbine response so as toarrive at more accurate design loads.Intellectual MeritThe proposed career development plan addresses each of the issues raised. First, it offers a novel untriedapproach to characterizing the inflow turbulence random field by extracting spatially preferred "modes"that describe the inflow using empirical orthogonal decomposition of wind velocity statistics and spectraderived directly from newly available field measurements. Second, it offers an efficient procedure to makemore realistic the possibility of carrying out long-duration aerodynamic simulations for turbine responsewhile utilizing the decomposition of the inflow structure. Finally, it proposes a framework, based onstructural reliability and response surface concepts, for deriving design loads by combining inflowcharacterization with turbine response statistics conditional on inflow.The proposed plan blends the use of extensive field data with simulation studies in addressing animportant problem that could lead to more economical wind turbine designs and sustain the continuedharvesting of wind as a renewable energy source.To summarize, at the heart of the proposed research plan are, in order, the following tasks:(i) development of efficient modeling techniques for characterizing the random spatial structure ofwind inflow using field data - this will yield principal orthogonal preferred spatial "modes" thatoptimally describe the wind field;(ii) characterizing turbine response for the preferred spatial turbulence modes identified in (i) usingturbine aerodynamic simulations; and(iii) establishing a probabilistic (structural reliability-based) framework that integrates (i) and (ii) topermit derivation of design ultimate and fatigue loads using simulations long enough torealistically reflect return periods on the order of 20 years.Research, education, and outreach activities that relate to this plan are outlined in this proposal.Broader ImpactsAn important point that needs to be made is that despite the tremendous growth in wind energy in the U.S.,our nation is seriously short of trained engineers in this field and routinely has to seek technical/consultingassistance from Western Europe. This needs to change, and this career development plan will present someideas the PI has to provide such training opportunities to our undergraduate and graduate students includinginternship opportunities that will be facilitated by this plan, K-12 involvement, and curriculumenhancements that the PI has planned. This research study will, it is expected, offer a learning experienceas well for individuals of various backgrounds: graduate and undergraduate research assistants, middle/highstudents and teachers, and university students in the PI's undergraduate engineering statistics course and ina planned graduate wind engineering course. Details related to these activities are outlined in this proposal.Two significant entities that have expressed their support for the success of this plan include(a) Sandia National Laboratories, who will provide the field data for the efforts outlined and will alsoprovide summer research internship positions to five undergraduate minority students; and(b) the PI's institution's Equal Opportunity in Engineering (EOE) program, who will facilitate theinvolvement of an underrepresented/minority student in this research.Letters of commitment from both these organizations are included in the "Supplementary Documents"section of this proposal outlining their support.