CAREER: Model-Based Simulation of Wind Turbine Inflow Turbulence and Design Loads: An Integrative Plan for Research and Learning

摘要：基于模型的风力机进口湍流和设计负荷的模拟：研究和学习的综合计划，CMS 0449128PI：兰斯·曼纽尔，德克萨斯大学，奥斯汀。了解三维进口风速场的空间结构对于风力机的安全设计非常重要。目前在设计指南中描述这种流入湍流的尝试过于保守，并没有在涡轮机性能的现场研究和相关风况的同步记录之后开发出来(因为这样的测试是昂贵的)。此外，今天的指南建议基于流入相干谱模型的设计载荷，这些模型已经被证明与测量不一致，特别是对于转子直径或更小的空间间隔。此外，设计指南没有使用足够长持续时间的涡轮机气动和结构动力响应模拟，以匹配期望的重现期(大约20年)，这是极限状态和疲劳极限状态的典型。显然，需要更多的现场测试程序和高效的建模程序，以准确描述流入和涡轮机响应，从而得出更准确的设计载荷。智慧价值拟议的职业发展计划解决了提出的每个问题。首先，它提供了一种新的未经试验的方法来表征入流湍流随机场，方法是利用直接从新获得的现场测量得到的风速统计和谱的经验正交分解来提取描述入流的空间优先模式。其次，它提供了一种有效的程序，使得在利用流入结构分解的同时，对涡轮响应进行长时间的气动模拟变得更加现实。最后，基于结构可靠性和响应面的概念，提出了一个框架，用于通过结合流入表征和涡轮机响应统计来获得设计载荷。该计划将大量现场数据的使用与模拟研究相结合，以解决一个重要问题，该问题可能导致更经济的风力机设计，并维持风作为可再生能源的持续收集。综上所述，建议研究计划的核心依次是以下任务：(I)开发高效的建模技术，利用现场数据来表征风流入的随机空间结构--这将产生最佳地描述风场的主要正交优选空间“模式”；(Ii)利用涡轮机空气动力学模拟，对(I)中确定的优选空间湍流模式的涡轮机响应进行表征；和(Iii)建立一个概率性的(基于结构可靠性的)框架，其中包括(I)和(Ii)使用足够长的模拟来允许推导设计极限载荷和疲劳载荷，以真实地反映20年左右的重现期。与该计划相关的研究、教育和推广活动在该提议中概述。需要指出的重要一点是，尽管美国风能的巨大增长，我国在该领域严重缺乏训练有素的工程师，并且经常不得不向西欧寻求技术/咨询援助。这种情况需要改变，这项职业发展计划将提出一些想法，因为国际学生协会必须为我们的本科生和研究生提供这样的培训机会，包括该计划将促进的实习机会，K-12参与，以及国际学生协会计划的课程增强。预计这项研究也将为不同背景的个人提供学习经验：研究生和本科生研究助理、中学/高中学生和教师，以及PI本科工程统计课程和计划中的研究生风工程课程的大学生。与这些活动相关的细节在这份提案中得到了概述。表示支持这项计划成功的两个重要实体包括：(A)桑迪亚国家实验室，他们将为所述努力提供现场数据，并将为五名本科生提供暑期研究实习职位；(B)PI学院的平等工程机会(EOE)计划，将促进代表人数不足的/少数族裔学生参与这项研究。这两个组织的承诺书都包括在本提案的“补充文件”部分，概述他们的支持。

Abstract for: Model-Based Simulation of Wind Turbine Inflow Turbulence and Design Loads: An Integrative Planfor Research and Learning, CMS 0449128PI: Lance Manuel, University of Texas, AustinAn understanding of the spatial structure of the three-dimensional inflow wind velocity field is importantfor the safe design of wind turbines. Current attempts at characterizing this inflow turbulence in designguidelines are overly conservative and have not been developed following field studies of turbineperformance and simultaneous recording of associated wind conditions (because such tests are expensive).Also, today's guidelines recommend design loads based on inflow coherence spectral models that havebeen shown to be inconsistent with measurements, especially for spatial separations on the order of rotordiameters and smaller. Moreover, the design guidelines do not employ turbine aerodynamic and structuraldynamic response simulations of sufficiently long durations to match the desired return periods (on theorder of 20 years) typical for ultimate and fatigue limit states. Clearly, there is a need for more field testprograms and efficient modeling procedures to accurately describe the inflow and turbine response so as toarrive at more accurate design loads.Intellectual MeritThe proposed career development plan addresses each of the issues raised. First, it offers a novel untriedapproach to characterizing the inflow turbulence random field by extracting spatially preferred "modes"that describe the inflow using empirical orthogonal decomposition of wind velocity statistics and spectraderived directly from newly available field measurements. Second, it offers an efficient procedure to makemore realistic the possibility of carrying out long-duration aerodynamic simulations for turbine responsewhile utilizing the decomposition of the inflow structure. Finally, it proposes a framework, based onstructural reliability and response surface concepts, for deriving design loads by combining inflowcharacterization with turbine response statistics conditional on inflow.The proposed plan blends the use of extensive field data with simulation studies in addressing animportant problem that could lead to more economical wind turbine designs and sustain the continuedharvesting of wind as a renewable energy source.To summarize, at the heart of the proposed research plan are, in order, the following tasks:(i) development of efficient modeling techniques for characterizing the random spatial structure ofwind inflow using field data - this will yield principal orthogonal preferred spatial "modes" thatoptimally describe the wind field;(ii) characterizing turbine response for the preferred spatial turbulence modes identified in (i) usingturbine aerodynamic simulations; and(iii) establishing a probabilistic (structural reliability-based) framework that integrates (i) and (ii) topermit derivation of design ultimate and fatigue loads using simulations long enough torealistically reflect return periods on the order of 20 years.Research, education, and outreach activities that relate to this plan are outlined in this proposal.Broader ImpactsAn important point that needs to be made is that despite the tremendous growth in wind energy in the U.S.,our nation is seriously short of trained engineers in this field and routinely has to seek technical/consultingassistance from Western Europe. This needs to change, and this career development plan will present someideas the PI has to provide such training opportunities to our undergraduate and graduate students includinginternship opportunities that will be facilitated by this plan, K-12 involvement, and curriculumenhancements that the PI has planned. This research study will, it is expected, offer a learning experienceas well for individuals of various backgrounds: graduate and undergraduate research assistants, middle/highstudents and teachers, and university students in the PI's undergraduate engineering statistics course and ina planned graduate wind engineering course. Details related to these activities are outlined in this proposal.Two significant entities that have expressed their support for the success of this plan include(a) Sandia National Laboratories, who will provide the field data for the efforts outlined and will alsoprovide summer research internship positions to five undergraduate minority students; and(b) the PI's institution's Equal Opportunity in Engineering (EOE) program, who will facilitate theinvolvement of an underrepresented/minority student in this research.Letters of commitment from both these organizations are included in the "Supplementary Documents"section of this proposal outlining their support.