CAREER: Model-Based Simulation of Wind Turbine Inflow Turbulence and Design Loads: An Integrative Plan for Research and Learning

摘要：基于模型的风力涡轮机入流湍流和设计载荷的模拟：研究和学习的综合计划，CMS 0449128 PI：Lance Manuel，德克萨斯大学，奥斯汀理解三维入流风速场的空间结构对于风力涡轮机的安全设计很重要。目前在设计指南中描述这种入流湍流的尝试过于保守，并且没有在对涡轮机性能进行现场研究并同时记录相关风况之后进行开发（因为这样的测试是昂贵的）。而且，今天的指南推荐的设计荷载是基于流入相干谱模型，这些模型已经被证明与测量结果不一致，特别是对于转子直径数量级和更小的空间分离。此外，设计指南没有采用足够长持续时间的涡轮机空气动力学和结构动态响应模拟，以匹配极限和疲劳极限状态典型的期望重现期（大约20年）。显然，需要更多的现场试验程序和有效的建模程序，以准确地描述流入和涡轮机响应，从而达到更准确的设计载荷。首先，它提供了一种新颖的untriedapproach特征的流入湍流随机场提取空间首选的“模式”，描述了使用经验正交分解的风速统计和spectraderived直接从新的现场测量的流入。其次，它提供了一个有效的程序，使更现实的可能性，进行长期的空气动力学模拟的涡轮机的响应，同时利用分解的流入结构。最后，提出了一个基于结构可靠性和响应面概念的框架，通过结合入流特性和以入流为条件的涡轮机响应统计来推导设计载荷。所提出的计划将广泛的现场数据与模拟研究相结合，以解决一个重要问题，该问题可能导致更经济的风力涡轮机设计，并维持风力作为可再生能源的持续收获。所提出的研究计划的核心依次是以下任务：（i）开发有效的建模技术，用于利用现场数据表征风流入的随机空间结构--这将产生最佳地描述风场的主要正交优选空间“模式”;（ii）利用涡轮机空气动力学模拟表征（i）中确定的优选空间湍流模式的涡轮机响应;（三）建立概率（基于结构可靠性的）框架，整合了（i）和（ii）允许使用足够长的模拟来推导设计极限载荷和疲劳载荷，以真实地反映20%量级的重现期年。本提案概述了与本计划有关的研究、教育和推广活动。更广泛的影响需要指出的一个重要观点是，尽管美国风能有了巨大的增长，我们国家严重缺乏这一领域训练有素的工程师，经常不得不向西欧寻求技术/咨询援助。这需要改变，这个职业发展计划将提出一些想法，因为PI必须为我们的本科生和研究生提供这样的培训机会，包括实习机会，这将有助于本计划，K-12的参与，以及PI计划的增强。预计这项研究将为各种背景的个人提供学习经验：研究生和本科生研究助理，中学/高中学生和教师，以及PI的本科工程统计课程和计划中的研究生风工程课程的大学生。本提案概述了与这些活动有关的细节，表示支持该计划取得成功的两个重要实体包括：（a）桑迪亚国家实验室，该实验室将为概述的努力提供实地数据，并将为五名少数民族大学生提供暑期研究实习职位;以及（B）PI所在机构的工程机会均等（EOE）计划，谁将促进参与这项研究的代表性不足/少数民族学生。这两个组织的承诺信包括在“补充文件“一节概述了他们的支持。

Abstract for: Model-Based Simulation of Wind Turbine Inflow Turbulence and Design Loads: An Integrative Planfor Research and Learning, CMS 0449128PI: Lance Manuel, University of Texas, AustinAn understanding of the spatial structure of the three-dimensional inflow wind velocity field is importantfor the safe design of wind turbines. Current attempts at characterizing this inflow turbulence in designguidelines are overly conservative and have not been developed following field studies of turbineperformance and simultaneous recording of associated wind conditions (because such tests are expensive).Also, today's guidelines recommend design loads based on inflow coherence spectral models that havebeen shown to be inconsistent with measurements, especially for spatial separations on the order of rotordiameters and smaller. Moreover, the design guidelines do not employ turbine aerodynamic and structuraldynamic response simulations of sufficiently long durations to match the desired return periods (on theorder of 20 years) typical for ultimate and fatigue limit states. Clearly, there is a need for more field testprograms and efficient modeling procedures to accurately describe the inflow and turbine response so as toarrive at more accurate design loads.Intellectual MeritThe proposed career development plan addresses each of the issues raised. First, it offers a novel untriedapproach to characterizing the inflow turbulence random field by extracting spatially preferred "modes"that describe the inflow using empirical orthogonal decomposition of wind velocity statistics and spectraderived directly from newly available field measurements. Second, it offers an efficient procedure to makemore realistic the possibility of carrying out long-duration aerodynamic simulations for turbine responsewhile utilizing the decomposition of the inflow structure. Finally, it proposes a framework, based onstructural reliability and response surface concepts, for deriving design loads by combining inflowcharacterization with turbine response statistics conditional on inflow.The proposed plan blends the use of extensive field data with simulation studies in addressing animportant problem that could lead to more economical wind turbine designs and sustain the continuedharvesting of wind as a renewable energy source.To summarize, at the heart of the proposed research plan are, in order, the following tasks:(i) development of efficient modeling techniques for characterizing the random spatial structure ofwind inflow using field data - this will yield principal orthogonal preferred spatial "modes" thatoptimally describe the wind field;(ii) characterizing turbine response for the preferred spatial turbulence modes identified in (i) usingturbine aerodynamic simulations; and(iii) establishing a probabilistic (structural reliability-based) framework that integrates (i) and (ii) topermit derivation of design ultimate and fatigue loads using simulations long enough torealistically reflect return periods on the order of 20 years.Research, education, and outreach activities that relate to this plan are outlined in this proposal.Broader ImpactsAn important point that needs to be made is that despite the tremendous growth in wind energy in the U.S.,our nation is seriously short of trained engineers in this field and routinely has to seek technical/consultingassistance from Western Europe. This needs to change, and this career development plan will present someideas the PI has to provide such training opportunities to our undergraduate and graduate students includinginternship opportunities that will be facilitated by this plan, K-12 involvement, and curriculumenhancements that the PI has planned. This research study will, it is expected, offer a learning experienceas well for individuals of various backgrounds: graduate and undergraduate research assistants, middle/highstudents and teachers, and university students in the PI's undergraduate engineering statistics course and ina planned graduate wind engineering course. Details related to these activities are outlined in this proposal.Two significant entities that have expressed their support for the success of this plan include(a) Sandia National Laboratories, who will provide the field data for the efforts outlined and will alsoprovide summer research internship positions to five undergraduate minority students; and(b) the PI's institution's Equal Opportunity in Engineering (EOE) program, who will facilitate theinvolvement of an underrepresented/minority student in this research.Letters of commitment from both these organizations are included in the "Supplementary Documents"section of this proposal outlining their support.