SGER: Evaluation of the Simulated Global Water Cycles in the NCAR, GFDL and GISS Climate System Models

地球大气、海洋和陆地中水和相关能量的运动以及这些成分之间的交换是地球气候系统的一个主要方面。伴随水循环的是大的辐射通量和潜热通量，并涉及到海盐输送。在全球气候系统模式中正确模拟全球水循环以及相关的能量和其他通量是一项极具挑战性的任务，但这是这些模式提供当前和未来气候的真实模拟的先决条件。PI将在社区气候系统模型（CCSM3）、戈达德空间科学研究所（GISS）模型和地球物理流体动力学实验室（GFDL）模型中分析全球和大尺度水循环，并将它们与现有观测结果进行比较。他将研究降水（数量、频率和强度）、云量、海洋蒸发、陆地蒸散和径流、河流流量、大气和海洋淡水输送、热带-温带水交换、陆地-海洋水交换、陆地水储存等方面的时空（季节性到年际）变化，以及它们与厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）和北大西洋涛动（NAO）相关的变化。这项工作的更广泛影响是，它将有助于评估未来气候变化预测的不确定性，并将指导未来模型的开发。这对环境管理和决策活动很重要。

The movement of water and associated energy within Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land, and the exchanges among these components are a major aspect of Earth's climate system. Accompanying the water cycle, there are large radiative and latent heat fluxes, and oceanic salt transports involved. Correct simulation of the global water cycle and the associated energy and other fluxes in global climate system models is an extremely challenging task, yet it is a prerequisite for these models to provide realistic simulations of current and future climates. The PI will analyze the global and large-scale water cycles in the Community Climate System Model (CCSM3), the Goddard Institute for Space Sciences (GISS) model and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) model, and compare them with available observations. He will examine the spatial and temporal (seasonal to interannual) variations in precipitation (amount, frequency, and intensity), cloudiness, oceanic evaporation, terrestrial evapotranspiration and runoff, streamflow, atmospheric and oceanic freshwater transports, tropics-extratropics water exchange, land-ocean water exchange, terrestrial water storage, as well as their variability associated with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO).The broader impacts of the work are that it will aid in assessing the uncertainty of the future climate change projections and will guide future model development. This is important for environmental management and decision-making activities.