Functional Genomic Analysis of Fruit Flavor and Nutrition Pathways

风味和营养品质是高度复杂的性状，这使得它们难以成为传统作物改良方法的目标。番茄是水果发育、遗传学和生物化学的既定模型，最近被一个由十个国家组成的国际财团定为基因组测序的目标。该项目旨在改善风味和营养，确定参与合成必需代谢物的基因。将用高通量代谢物筛选来评估多样性和良好表征的番茄种质，以鉴定风味和营养成分改变的品系。将采用综合遗传学、基因组学和生物信息学方法来分离导致遗传变异的基因。在该计划的第一阶段，确定了影响水果成分的多个遗传基因座，并建立了一个公共数据库，以传播收集到的信息（http：//tomet.bti.cornell.edu/）。这些资源将扩大，以确定基因控制合成的~30代谢产物的风味和营养品质的主要功能。完成后，公众将可以获得超过200种水果代谢物的数据和75个番茄品系中约10，000个基因的表达数据。这项研究对人类饮食中的风味和营养有着广泛的影响。控制风味和营养品质的基因的鉴定将对传统育种和生物技术项目产生积极影响，并对最终用户产生直接影响。该计划将为学生和博士后提供广泛的遗传学，基因组学，生物信息学和生物化学技术的培训。在以少数群体为主的机构中，大力强调为合作者提供培训机会。虽然该计划解决了主要农作物的重要属性，但研究结果将直接适用于美国和世界各地种植的许多其他重要作物。

Flavor and nutritional quality are highly complex traits that make them difficult targets for traditional approaches for crop improvement. Tomato is the established model for fruit development, genetics and biochemistry and has recently been targeted for genome sequencing by an international consortium of ten nations. This project targets the improvement of flavor and nutrition, identifying genes involved in synthesis of essential metabolites. The diverse and well-characterized tomato germplasm will be evaluated with high throughput metabolite screens to identify lines altered in flavor and nutrient composition. An integrated genetic, genomic and bioinformatic approach will be employed for the purpose of isolating the genes responsible for the genetic variation. In the first phase of the program, multiple genetic loci that influence fruit composition were identified and a public database was established to disseminate the collected information (http://tomet.bti.cornell.edu/). These resources will be expanded in order to identify genes controlling synthesis of ~30 metabolites with major functions in flavor and nutrient quality. At completion, the public will have access to data for over 200 fruit metabolites and expression data for approximately 10,000 genes assayed across 75 tomato lines. This research has broad implications for flavor and nutrition in the human diet. Identification of genes controlling flavor and nutrient quality will positively impact traditional breeding and biotechnology programs with direct end user impact. The program will provide training for students and postdoctoral associates in a broad range of genetic, genomic, bioinformatic and biochemical techniques. There is a strong emphasis on training opportunities for collaborators at predominantly minority institutions. While this program addresses important attributes of a major agricultural crop, the findings will be directly applicable to many other important crops grown in the US and worldwide.