Functional Genomic Analysis of Fruit Flavor and Nutrition Pathways

水果风味和营养途径的功能基因组分析

• 批准号: 0211875
• 负责人: Harry Klee
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Florida
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-09-15 至 2005-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0211875&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Functional; Genomic; Analysis; Fruit; Flavor

Fruits are major components of the human diet contributing a large portion of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and fiber. While flavor and nutrition composition have clear potential for positive human benefit, they have proven to be difficult traits to modify via traditional breeding due to their generally complex biosynthetic and regulatory pathways. "Flavor" in many fruits is the product of a complex interaction among sugars, acids and multiple volatile compounds. Synthesis and accumulation of these compounds is the result of coordinated activity of many genes. In many cases, the pathways for synthesis of these compounds have yet to be established. This program will focus on the expression of the genes critical for metabolism of these compounds so that key regulators of fruit flavor and nutrient composition can be identified and eventually manipulated via the many possible routes available. Specifically, the program will apply gene expression profiling to an extensive set of germplasm to 1) map regulatory circuits controlling the levels of important components of flavor and nutrition, and 2) identify genes encoding enzymes involved in metabolism of these components. Levels of expression of most of the genes expressed during tomato fruit ripening will be correlated with the abundances of specific metabolites in a diverse set of germplasm consisting of mutants, transgenic and recombinant inbred lines. Bioinformatics will be used to identify genes whose expression is linked to appearance of target compounds. The value of these markers as predictors of chemical composition will be tested by genetic mapping and transgenic manipulation. These experiments will have broad impact by 1) mapping critical steps controlling flavor and nutrition metabolic pathways, 2) identifying specific genes involved in either regulation or metabolism of critical components of flavor and nutrition, 3) providing useful tools for breeding and engineering improved fruit quality, and 4) establishing a correlative public database of metabolites and global gene expression that will be accessible for a broad array of ripening-related studies.

水果是人类饮食的主要组成部分，提供了很大一部分维生素，矿物质，抗氧化剂和纤维。虽然风味和营养成分具有明显的对人类有益的潜力，但由于其通常复杂的生物合成和调控途径，它们已被证明是难以通过传统育种进行修饰的性状。许多水果中的“风味”是糖、酸和多种挥发性化合物之间复杂相互作用的产物。这些化合物的合成和积累是许多基因协调活动的结果。在许多情况下，这些化合物的合成途径尚未建立。该计划将重点关注对这些化合物的代谢至关重要的基因的表达，以便可以确定水果风味和营养成分的关键调节因子，并最终通过许多可能的途径进行操作。具体而言，该计划将基因表达谱应用于一系列广泛的种质资源，以1）绘制控制风味和营养重要成分水平的调控回路，2）识别编码参与这些成分代谢的酶的基因。在番茄果实成熟过程中表达的大多数基因的表达水平将与由突变体、转基因和重组近交系组成的不同种质中特定代谢物的丰度相关。生物信息学将用于鉴定其表达与目标化合物的外观相关的基因。这些标记作为化学成分预测因子的价值将通过遗传作图和转基因操作进行测试。这些实验将通过以下方式产生广泛影响：1）绘制控制风味和营养代谢途径的关键步骤，2）鉴定参与风味和营养的关键组分的调节或代谢的特定基因，3）为育种和工程改良水果品质提供有用的工具，4）建立一个代谢产物和全球基因表达的相关公共数据库，可用于广泛的成熟相关研究。