Functional Analysis of Plant Carotenoid Dioxygenases

这项提案涉及一类被称为类胡萝卜素裂解双加氧酶(CCDS)的酶的功能。这些酶代谢类胡萝卜素，产生大量分子，这些分子在食品工业中作为着色剂在经济上很重要，并对风味有贡献。这些酶的产物，通常被称为类胡萝卜素，在植物和动物中也具有生物活性。重要的类胡萝卜素包括动物中的维甲酸，植物中的脱落酸，藏红花中的主要着色剂和风味化合物，以及玫瑰中的主要香味挥发物。CCD1、CCD4、CCD7和CCD8四种未知功能的CCD酶一直是研究的重点。到目前为止的研究表明，CCD1对不同的类胡萝卜素底物的9，10(9‘，10’)裂解是番茄和矮牵牛挥发性物质和风味成分的主要来源。CCD1还在调节谷物中营养重要的胡萝卜素(如β-胡萝卜素)的积累方面发挥着重要作用。CCD7和CCD8的突变会导致植物生长的重大变化，特别是植物分枝的能力。因此，我们得出结论，CCD7和CCD8共同作用于合成一种新的、尚未确定的类胡萝卜素激素。这项持续的工作将有三个关键目标：1)旨在确定CCD7/CCD8合成的生物活性化合物的综合、多层次战略。2)CCD7和CCD8在不同植物中功能的比较分析。3)CCD4的功能分析，目标是确定其底物专一性及其在叶片发育中的作用。广泛的影响：这项工作已经产生了对人类营养、味道和香气至关重要的物质。还启动了一项旨在增加谷物中类胡萝卜素含量的合作，这有可能对发展中国家产生影响。这项研究将被用作培养本科生和研究生的平台，包括1890年的土地赠与大学--福特谷州立大学的少数民族学生。

This proposal addresses the functions of a class of enzymes known as carotenoid cleaving dioxygenases (CCDs). These enzymes metabolize carotenoids, creating a vast array of molecules that are economically important in the food industry as colorants and contribute to flavor. The products of these enzymes, generally known as apocarotenoids, also have biological activity in plants and animals. Important apocarotenoids include retinoids in animals, abscisic acid in plants, the major colorant and flavor compound in saffron, and the major scent volatiles in roses. Four CCD enzymes (CCD1, CCD4, CCD7 and CCD8) of unknown function have been the focus of research. Studies to date have shown that 9,10 (9',10') cleavage of diverse carotenoid substrates by CCD1 is a major source of volatiles and flavor constituents in tomato and petunia. CCD1 also plays a major role in regulating accumulation of nutritionally important carotenoids such as beta-carotene in cereal grains. Mutations in CCD7 and CCD8 cause major alterations in plant growth, particularly in the ability of the plant to make branches. Therefore, It has been concluded that CCD7 and CCD8 act together in the synthesis of a novel, and as yet unidentified, apocarotenoid hormone. The continuing work will have three key objectives: 1) An integrated, multitiered strategy aimed at identifying the biologically active compound synthesized by the CCD7/CCD8. 2) Comparative analysis of CCD7 and CCD8 function in divergent plant species. 3) Functional analysis of CCD4 with goals of defining its substrate specificity and its role in leaf development.Broader Impacts: The work has already generated material that will be fundamentally important to human nutrition, taste and aroma. A collaboration aimed at increasing carotenoid content in cereal grains that has the potential to impact the developing world has also been initiated. This research will be used as a platform to educate undergraduate and graduate students, including minority students from Fort Valley State University, an 1890 Land-Grant University.