Long-Term Trends (~1850 - 2007) of Atmospheric Elemental Carbon Concentrations: Measurements and Comparison with Model Estimates

大气元素碳浓度的长期趋势（~1850 - 2007）：测量值以及与模型估计值的比较

• 批准号: 0503850
• 负责人: Liaquat Husain
• 金额: $ 14.37万
• 依托单位: Health Research Incorporated/New York State Department of Health
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-06-01 至 2007-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0503850&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Long; Term; Trends; 1850; 2007

The primary objective of this project is to demonstrate a technique for determining the concentration of atmospheric elemental carbon (EC) across the northeastern US over the last ~ 150 years and compare the results with model predictions based on emissions from fossil fuel combustion and forest fires. EC impacts on earth's temperature, visibility, and human health. The sources of EC aerosols have changed much during the last century, and it is highly likely that these changes are reflected in atmospheric concentrations of EC. Long-term EC data is scarce, but measurements in ice-cores and sediments have suggested that EC has increased in modern times due to increased fossil fuels consumption.Atmospheric EC will be determined using the thermal-optical method in filters collected from 1978 to 2007 at Whiteface Mountain in the Adirondacks of New York and from 1983 to 2007 at rural Mayville, 530 km upwind of Whiteface Mountain. A novel approach will be tested to extend the database to ~1850 using sediments from lakes in the same area. This project will establish whether EC concentrations in lake sediments can be accurately related to atmospheric concentrations thus enabling the extension of the record. If this approach proves to be successful, then a long-term record of an important climate forcing agent can be established, which will be of great interest to the climate modeling community. The project will provide training for a Ph. D. Student and a postdoctoral researcher.

该项目的主要目标是展示一种确定过去150年来美国东北部大气元素碳(EC)浓度的技术，并将结果与基于化石燃料燃烧和森林火灾排放的模型预测进行比较。EC对地球温度、能见度和人类健康的影响。上个世纪，EC气溶胶的来源发生了很大变化，这些变化很可能反映在大气中EC的浓度上。长期的EC数据很少，但对冰芯和沉积物的测量表明，由于化石燃料消耗的增加，EC在现代有所增加。1978年至2007年在纽约阿迪朗达克的怀特费斯山和1983年至2007年在怀特费斯山上风530公里的梅维尔农村地区收集的滤光器中将使用热光方法测定大气EC。将测试一种新的方法，利用同一地区湖泊的沉积物将数据库扩展到约1850个。该项目将确定湖泊沉积物中的EC浓度是否可以准确地与大气浓度相关联，从而使记录得以扩展。如果这种方法被证明是成功的，那么就可以建立一个重要的气候强迫因素的长期记录，这将是气候模型界非常感兴趣的。该项目将为一名博士生和一名博士后研究员提供培训。