Synthesis of Ternary and Higher Order Phase Nanoparticulate and Nanorod Materials by Alkalide Reduction

碱还原法合成三元及更高阶相纳米颗粒和纳米棒材料

• 批准号: 0504925
• 负责人: Michael Wagner
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: George Washington University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-06-15 至 2009-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0504925&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Synthesis; Ternary; Higher; Order; Phase

TECHNICAL EXPLANATION The goal of this research project is to explore the synthesis of binary, ternary and higher order phase inorganic nanomaterials by a new and promising synthetic method referred to as alkalide reduction. Alkalides are crystalline ionic salts consisting of crown ether or cryptand complexed alkali metal cations charge balanced by a stoichiometric number of alkali metal anions. Homogeneous reduction of metal salts with alkalide solutions at or below room temperature results in single and binary metal nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution, without the presence of organic surfactants or the need for size selection. The method is applicable across the periodic table; it is the only chemical method shown to be capable of producing nanoparticulate lanthanide metals and alloys. Binary and ternary phases are accessible through co-reduction with alkalide solutions. Nanorods, spindles and cubes can be made by this method, in addition to spheriodal nanoparticles. The synthesis of ternary and higher order phase nanomaterials by alkalide reduction and investigating shape and size control by the method are also being explored. The magnetic, optical, electrical and catalytic properties of the materials are being studied as appropriate for each class of nanomaterial synthesized. The educational impact of this grant is multifold. Graduate and undergraduate students are being trained in a multidisciplinary environment. The PI is continuing his development and participation in scientific outreach to the youth of the Washington DC area, including hands on science demonstrations. The PI is also continuing his mentoring activity for chemistry undergraduates as the faculty advisor of the Alpha Pi chapter of the chemistry fraternity, Alpha Chi Sigma. Finally, the PI is integrating materials chemistry, into the courses he teaches.NON-TECHNICAL EXPLANATIONNanotechnology will undoubtedly be one of the most important driving forces behind tomorrow's technologies. However, some obstacles must be overcome before the promise of nanotechnology is realized. One of the basic challenges is developing methods to synthesize (make) the wide variety of nanomaterials that will be necessary for future applications. This project explores one of the most promising methods of making nanomaterials, a chemical technique termed "Alkalide Reduction". These nanomaterials are being tested for their potential for use in a wide variety of applications, including nanoelectronics, magnetics and advanced flat screen display technologies. The conduct of this research is providing training for graduate and undergraduate students in this technologically vital field. In addition, a variety of outreach activities are being implemented to bring "hands-on" science to elementary school students in the Washington, DC area, to teach and encourage tomorrow's scientists.

技术说明本研究项目的目标是探索通过一种新的、有前途的合成方法来合成二元、三元和高阶相无机纳米材料，这种方法被称为碱还原。碱化物是一种结晶离子盐，由冠醚或络合的碱金属阳离子组成，电荷由化学计量的碱金属阴离子平衡。在室温或更低的温度下，用碱溶液均相还原金属盐可得到单一和二元金属纳米颗粒，其尺寸分布较窄，不需要有机表面活性剂的存在或尺寸选择。该方法适用于整个元素周期表；它是唯一被证明能够生产纳米级镧系金属和合金的化学方法。二元相和三元相可通过与碱溶液的共还原获得。除了球形纳米颗粒外，还可以用这种方法制备纳米棒、纺锤形和立方体。还探索了碱还原合成三元和高阶相纳米材料，并研究了该方法对形状和尺寸的控制。正在研究这些材料的磁性、光学、电学和催化性能，以适合每一类合成的纳米材料。这笔赠款的教育影响是多方面的。研究生和本科生正在多学科环境中接受培训。国际和平协会继续发展和参与对华盛顿特区地区青年的科学宣传，包括亲手进行科学示范。作为阿尔法·奇西格玛化学联谊会阿尔法·PI分会的教师顾问，该协会还将继续他对化学本科生的指导活动。最后，PI正在将材料化学整合到他教授的课程中。非技术性解释纳米技术无疑将是未来技术背后最重要的驱动力之一。然而，在实现纳米技术的前景之前，必须克服一些障碍。其中一个基本挑战是开发各种方法来合成(制造)未来应用所需的各种纳米材料。这个项目探索了一种最有希望制造纳米材料的方法，一种被称为“碱还原”的化学技术。这些纳米材料正在测试其在各种应用中的潜力，包括纳米电子学、磁学和先进的平板显示器技术。这项研究的开展是为了在这一至关重要的技术领域为研究生和本科生提供培训。此外，正在开展各种外展活动，向华盛顿特区地区的小学生传授“亲身实践”科学，以教授和鼓励未来的科学家。