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Discourses and concepts of sacrality and sacralisation in the Hindu empire of Vijayanagara and in Portuguese Goa (14.-17. CE)

印度教帝国毗奢耶那伽罗和葡萄牙果阿（公元 14-17 世纪）关于神圣性和神圣化的话语和概念

基本信息

批准号：
172100833
负责人：
Professorin Dr. Heidrun Brückner
金额：
--
依托单位：
Lehrstuhl für Indologie
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Units
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2009-12-31 至 2016-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/172100833?language=en
关键词：
Discourses concepts sacrality sacralisation Hindu

项目摘要

Instances of sacrality and dynamics of their development are examined within the historical context of the South Indian empire of Vijayanagara. Textual sources from the intellectual environment of the Sringeri monastery, which at times maintained close links with the Vijayanagara rulers, are studied in detail. From the 14th century onwards, this Hindu kingdom developed into an empire which spanned the entire South of the subcontinent while large parts of India were ruled by Muslim sultans. The cultural policies of the Vijayanagara rulers and their intellectual élite are marked by a renaissance of Sanskrit literature, Hindu philosophy, art and architecture. Philosophers, religious leaders and institutions with a broad range of concerns vied for royal patronage. The analysis concentrates on a number of sacral phenomena and their representation in texts. The sacral phenomena are those that concern persons, texts, space, visual representations and concepts. The analysis further postulates three models of personal sacrality: the “royal model” (1) refers to new forms of the sacralisation of power and kingship. The monastic-ascetic model (2) is exemplified in the person of brahmin “ascetic saints” who exert considerable influence as spiritual teachers of the rulers and as prolific authors. Finally, the philosophical-theological model (3) is particularly expressed in the concept of the “liberated while living” as developed in illusionist monism which was the leading philosophical school in the early phase of the empire. The project examines how the three models function and combine in the formation of groupspecific religious identities, each of which strives for domination and which present themselves as supposed “Hindu identity” as such. These developments are put in relation to comparable processes during the Middle Ages in Europe. By incorporating Portuguese texts from the 15th to 17th centuries a supplementary and essentially Catholic outsiders` perspective on Indian and Hindu forms of sacrality is demonstrated, and another promising interface with the research group is opened.

在南印度维贾亚纳加拉帝国的历史背景下，考察了神圣性的例子及其发展的动态。来自斯林格里修道院的知识环境的文本来源被详细研究，该修道院有时与维贾耶纳加拉尺子保持着密切的联系。从14世纪起，这个印度教王国发展成为一个帝国，横跨印度次大陆的整个南部，而印度的大部分地区由穆斯林苏丹统治。维贾耶纳加拉尺子的文化政策和他们的知识分子精英的特点是梵文文学、印度教哲学、艺术和建筑的复兴。哲学家、宗教领袖和具有广泛关切的机构都在争夺王室的庇护。分析集中在一些祭祀现象及其在语篇中的表现上。祭祀现象是指与人、文本、空间、视觉表现和概念有关的现象。分析进一步假定了个人神圣性的三种模式：“王室模式”(1)指的是权力和王权神圣化的新形式。僧侣-苦行模式(2)是在婆罗门教“苦行圣人”谁发挥了相当大的影响作为精神教师的尺子和多产作家的人的例证。最后，哲学神学模型(3)在魔术一元论中发展的“活着而解放”的概念中得到了特别的表达，魔术一元论是帝国早期的主要哲学流派。该项目考察了这三种模式如何在特定群体的宗教认同的形成中发挥作用和结合，每一种模式都努力争取统治，并将自己呈现为理所当然的“印度教身份”。这些发展是与中世纪欧洲的可比进程相联系的。通过纳入15到17世纪的葡萄牙语文本，一个补充的基本上是天主教的局外人对印度和印度教形式的神圣性的观点被展示出来，并与研究小组打开了另一个有希望的接口。