EID: Parasite Induced Susceptibility and Transmission in a Seasonal Environment: Micro and Macro Interactions and the Dynamics of the Parasite Community of Mice

EID：季节性环境中寄生虫诱导的易感性和传播：微观和宏观相互作用以及小鼠寄生虫群落的动态

• 批准号: 0520468
• 负责人: Peter Hudson
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-10-01 至 2011-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0520468&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EID; Parasite; Induced; Susceptibility; Transmission

Proposal Number: DEB-0520468Proposal Title: Parasite Induced Susceptibility and Transmission in a Seasonal Environment: Micro and Macro Interactions and the Dynamics of the Parasite Community of MiceParasites, by definition, cause their host harm and so the community of parasites within an individual host can be expected to interact with one another indirectly through the host's immune system. Whether presence of one parasite is beneficial or detrimental to another is a crucial, but as yet overlooked, factor in disease control and dynamics. This project will investigate how a community of parasites is shaped at the individual level and the consequences this has for disease dynamics at the population level using a mixture of experiments and mathematical modeling.Not all individuals are equal; they differ in their ability to fight and spread infections. Importantly this can give rise to certain individuals being accountable for the majority of disease transmission; super-spreaders. These super-spreaders may have predictable characteristics that allow for thier identification and so target disease control most effectively. However, the mechanisms that create super-spreaders thus far have been elusive. We explore the idea that a super-spreader may be a function of the parasites it harbors and the interactions that occur between them. As such we will tease apart the inherent differences between individuals that lead to changes in susceptibility and exposure to parasites whilst also determining how infection mediated through an individual's immune system will shape the parasite community. These interactions will be investigated in a seasonal environment since the availability of parasitic infective stages and therefore the community structure may be a function of the highly variable development and survival rates of different parasites at different temperatures. Insights gained from this project on the mechanisms that determine parasite community dynamics should help researchers indentify important factors in disease emergence, determine why some parasites may be more prevalent than others, and identify the characteristics that create super-spreaders. The project will use a mouse-human pathogen system to infer disease dynamics at the human-pathogen level. The program will support training of post-doc, graduate and undergraduate students.

提案编号：DEB-0520468提案标题：季节性环境中寄生虫诱导的易感性和传播：微观和宏观相互作用以及小鼠寄生虫群落的动态根据定义，寄生虫会对宿主造成伤害，因此可以预期单个宿主内的寄生虫群落会通过宿主的免疫系统间接相互作用。一种寄生虫的存在对另一种寄生虫是有益的还是有害的，这是疾病控制和动态中的一个关键因素，但尚未被忽视。本项目将通过实验和数学建模的混合研究寄生虫群落在个体水平上是如何形成的，以及这对群体水平上的疾病动态的影响。并非所有个体都是平等的;他们在对抗和传播感染的能力上是不同的。重要的是，这可能导致某些人对大多数疾病传播负责;超级传播者。这些超级传播者可能具有可预测的特征，允许对其进行识别，从而最有效地控制疾病。然而，到目前为止，创造超级传播者的机制一直难以捉摸。我们探讨了超级传播者可能是其所携带的寄生虫以及它们之间发生的相互作用的函数的想法。因此，我们将梳理出个体之间的固有差异，这些差异导致易感性和接触寄生虫的变化，同时还确定通过个体免疫系统介导的感染如何塑造寄生虫群落。这些相互作用将在季节性环境中进行研究，因为寄生虫感染阶段的可用性，因此社区结构可能是不同寄生虫在不同温度下高度可变的发育和存活率的函数。从这个项目中获得的关于决定寄生虫群落动态的机制的见解应该有助于研究人员确定疾病出现的重要因素，确定为什么一些寄生虫可能比其他寄生虫更普遍，并确定创造超级传播者的特征。该项目将使用小鼠-人类病原体系统来推断人类-病原体水平上的疾病动态。该计划将支持博士后，研究生和本科生的培训。