NEESR-GC: Seismic Risk Mitigation for Port Systems

NEESR-GC：港口系统的地震风险缓解

• 批准号: 0530478
• 负责人: Glenn Rix
• 金额: $ 360万
• 依托单位: Georgia Tech Research Corporation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-15 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0530478&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NEESR; GC; Seismic; Risk; Mitigation

PROPOSAL NO.: 0530478PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Rix, GlennINSTITUTION NAME: Georgia Tech Research Corporation - GA Institute of TechnologyTITLE: NEESR-GC: Seismic Risk Mitigation for Port SystemsABSTRACT:NEESR-GC: SEISMIC RISK MITIGATION FOR PORT SYSTEMSEarthquakes pose a severe threat to the nation's seaports, which are critical assets in this era of global trade. The seismic risk issues ports face are unique due to the nature of their infrastructure, long-range planning horizon, diversity of stakeholders, and the roles of port authorities. This Grand Challenge project integrates engineering, logistics, risk analysis, and decision sciences within a seismic risk reduction framework that uses the performance of the port system rather than its individual components as the basis for seismic risk mitigation decisions. This systems-level approach is essential for estimating the full scope of direct and indirect losses following an earthquake. The NEES program enables a novel, integrated experimental and numerical simulation approach to advance understanding of the complex soil-foundation-structure systems that are typical of ports to develop geotechnical and structural mitigation alternatives targeted at all parts of the soil-foundation-structure system. The research program examines two innovative soil improvement techniques that are well suited to port facilities and evaluates their performance using the NEES@UTexas mobile shaker and the NEES@UCDavis centrifuge. The strength and ductility of piles and their connections to the overlying deck play a vital role in the seismic performance of pile-supported wharves. Improved pile configurations and pile-deck connections will be developed using full-scale tests at NEES@UIUC. Emphasis will beplaced on techniques that are "repair-friendly" and can quickly and inexpensively be returned to service following an earthquake. Tests will be performed at NEES@Buffalo to investigate innovative bracing systems to mitigate damage to cranes from large ground displacements due to liquefaction. These tests exploit the full potential of the NEES program by using hybrid numerical and experimental simulation. The experimental studies on these soil-foundation-structure systems will be used to develop and calibrate numerical models. An important contribution is the development of soil-pile and pile-deck dynamic macroelements that will fill the existing gap between simplified solutions and computationally intensive numerical solutions for soil-structure interaction problems. Numerical simulations will be used to develop fragility relationships for the integrated soil-foundation-structure system that lead directly to the operational capacity of the wharf following an earthquake and facilitate the subsequent determination of repair requirements for the damaged system. Fragility relationships will be developed that reflect the performance of treated soils, improved pile-deck connections, and retrofitted cranes so that the effects ofthese mitigation alternatives on the operational capacity and repair requirements can be discerned.Understanding system-level impacts of risk mitigation strategies on the functionality of a port is a crucial component of the seismic risk reduction framework. Advanced meta-heuristics for real-time operations optimization given component disruptions will be developed to provide decision support to stakeholders. Parametric approximation models of port system performance measures that can be incorporated directly into an optimization-based risk mitigation framework to inform decision makers will also be developed. Application of formal research on stakeholder participation and behavioral decision making to risk mitigation at ports has been extremely limited to date. The nature of seismic risk in ports and port authorities and operations make them fertile ground for the social and decision sciences research proposed in this project. The project furthers value-focused decision research by integrating it with research on how stakeholders and experts perceive and understand seismic hazards and risks. In doing so, the project will provide new insights on the relative roles of mental models of risks, values, and institutional affiliations in judgment and decision making about seismic and other risks. The broader impacts of this project include the application of the real-time decision support models to minimize the impact of an act of terrorism at a U.S. port. Ports are thought to be one of the most vulnerable components of the nation's transportation system. Like natural hazards, acts of terrorism reduce the throughput capacity of the port by damaging some or all of a port's facilities. In this respect, the development of these decision support models that optimize throughput capacity during periods of disruption can contribute to increased homeland security. The education, outreach, and training program promotes education at several levels and addresses the dearth of under-represented students in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields. A collaborative HBCU-REU program will increase the number of under-represented students in the STEM areas that pursue advanced degrees; Minority Postdoctoral Fellowships will help bridge the link from graduate school to academia; and an Industrial Fellowship Program will aid in technology transfer to practicing engineers. These programs form a continuum from undergraduate through professional education and will make a significant impact on creating a diverse workforce in the STEM areas.

提案编号：0530478主要供应商：里克斯，格伦机构名称：格鲁吉亚技术研究公司-佐治亚理工学院标题：NEESR-GC：港口系统的地震风险缓解摘要：NEESR-GC：港口系统的地震风险缓解地震对国家的海港构成严重威胁，海港是全球贸易时代的关键资产。由于港口基础设施的性质、长期规划范围、利益相关者的多样性以及港务局的作用，港口面临的地震风险问题是独特的。这个大挑战项目将工程、物流、风险分析和决策科学集成在一个地震风险降低框架内，该框架使用港口系统的性能而不是其单个组件作为地震风险降低决策的基础。这种系统级方法对于估计地震后直接和间接损失的全部范围至关重要。NEES计划提供了一种新颖的综合实验和数值模拟方法，以促进对港口典型的复杂土壤-基础-结构系统的理解，从而针对土壤-基础-结构系统的所有部分开发岩土工程和结构缓解方案。该研究计划研究了两种非常适合港口设施的创新土壤改良技术，并使用NEES@UTexas移动的振动筛和NEES@UCDavis离心机评估其性能。桩基及其与上覆甲板连接的强度和延性对桩基码头的抗震性能起着至关重要的作用。将在NEES@UIUC进行全尺寸试验，以改进桩配置和桩-桥面连接。重点将放在“维修友好”的技术上，这些技术可以在地震后快速、廉价地恢复使用。测试将在NEES@布法罗进行，以研究创新的支撑系统，以减轻由于液化引起的大地面位移对起重机的损坏。这些测试利用混合数值和实验模拟的NEES计划的全部潜力。这些土壤-基础-结构系统的试验研究将用于开发和校准数值模型。一个重要的贡献是土桩和桩甲板动态宏元的发展，将填补土-结构相互作用问题的简化解决方案和计算密集型数值解之间的现有差距。数值模拟将被用来开发的综合土壤基础结构系统的脆弱性关系，直接导致在地震后的码头的运营能力，并促进随后确定受损系统的修复要求。脆弱性的关系将被开发，反映处理土壤的性能，改善桩甲板连接，并改装起重机，使这些缓解替代方案的影响上的业务能力和维修需求可以辨别。了解系统层面的影响风险缓解策略的功能港口是一个重要组成部分的地震风险降低框架。考虑到组件中断，将开发用于实时操作优化的高级元分析，以向利益相关者提供决策支持。还将开发港口系统业绩计量的参数近似模型，这些模型可直接纳入基于优化的风险缓解框架，为决策者提供信息。到目前为止，关于利益相关者参与和行为决策的正式研究在港口风险缓解中的应用非常有限。港口和港务局的地震风险性质和业务使其成为本项目中提出的社会和决策科学研究的沃土。该项目通过将其与利益攸关方和专家如何感知和理解地震灾害和风险的研究相结合，进一步推动了以价值为重点的决策研究。在这样做的过程中，该项目将提供新的见解的相对作用的心理模型的风险，价值观和机构的联系，在判断和决策有关地震和其他风险。该项目的更广泛影响包括应用实时决策支持模型，以尽量减少恐怖主义行为对美国港口的影响。港口被认为是美国运输系统中最脆弱的组成部分之一。与自然灾害一样，恐怖主义行为破坏港口的部分或全部设施，从而降低港口的吞吐能力。在这方面，这些决策支持模型的发展，在中断期间优化吞吐量的能力，可以有助于提高国土安全。教育，推广和培训计划促进了多个层次的教育，并解决了STEM（科学，技术，工程和数学）领域学生人数不足的问题。HBCU-REU合作计划将增加STEM领域攻读高级学位的代表性不足的学生人数;少数民族博士后奖学金将有助于建立从研究生院到学术界的联系;工业奖学金计划将帮助技术转让给执业工程师。这些课程形成了从本科到专业教育的连续统一体，并将对在STEM领域创造多元化的劳动力产生重大影响。