The Aerobic Dive Limit: Oxygen Transport and Depletion in Emperor Penguins

有氧潜水极限：帝企鹅的氧气输送和消耗

• 批准号: 0538594
• 负责人: Paul Ponganis
• 金额: $ 43万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-08-15 至 2010-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0538594&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Aerobic; Dive; Limit; Oxygen; Transport

The research will examine blood and muscle oxygen store depletion in relation to the documented aerobic dive limit (ADL, onset of post-dive blood lactate accumulation) in diving of emperor penguins. The intellectual merits of this proposal involve its evaluation of the physiological basis of the ADL concept. The ADL is probably the most commonly-used, but rarely measured, factor to interpret and model the behavior and foraging ecology of diving animals. Based on prior studies, and on recent investigations of respiratory and blood oxygen depletion during dives of emperor penguins, it is hypothesized that the ADL is a result of the depletion of myoglobin (Mb)-bound oxygen and increased glycolysis in the primary locomotory muscles. This project will accurately define the physiological mechanisms underlying the ADL through 1) evaluation of the rate and magnitude of muscle oxygen depletion during dives in relation to the previously measured ADL, 2) characterization of the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve in blood of emperor penguins and comparison of that curve to those of other diving and non-diving species, 3) application of the emperor hemoglogin-oxygen dissociation curve to previously collected oxygen and hemoglobin data in order to estimate the rate and magnitude of blood oxygen depletion during dives, and 4) measurement of muscle phosphoocreatine and glycogen concentrations in order to estimate their potential contributions to muscle energy metabolism during diving. The project also continues the census and monitoring of the emperor colonies in the Ross Sea, which is especially important in light of both fisheries activity and the movement of iceberg B15-A. Broader impacts of the project include: 1) technological development of microprocessor-based, "backpack" near-infrared spectrophotometer, which will be applicable not only to other species, but also to other fields (i.e., exercise physiology), 2) collaboration with the Department of Anesthesia at the U.S. Naval Hospital in San Diego in the training of anesthesia residents in research techniques, 3) the training and thesis research of two graduate students in these techniques and in Antarctic field research, and 4) a better understanding of the ADL concept and its use in the fields of diving behavior and physiology. In addition the annual census of emperor penguin colonies in the Ross Sea, in conjunction with the continued evaluation of previously developed remote cameras to monitor colony status, will form the basis of a new educational web site, and allow development of an educational outreach program to school children through SeaWorld of San Diego.

这项研究将检查血液和肌肉氧储存消耗与记录的有氧潜水极限（ADL，潜水后血乳酸积累的开始）在帝企鹅潜水。 这一建议的智力价值涉及其评估的生理基础的日常生活能力的概念。ADL可能是最常用的，但很少测量，因素来解释和模拟潜水动物的行为和觅食生态。根据以往的研究，并在最近的调查呼吸和血液中的氧气消耗在潜水的帝企鹅，它被假设为ADL是一个结果的耗尽肌红蛋白（Mb）结合氧和糖酵解增加的主要运动肌肉。该项目将通过以下方式准确定义ADL的生理机制：1）与先前测量的ADL相关的潜水期间肌肉氧耗的速率和幅度的评估，2）帝企鹅血液中血红蛋白-氧解离曲线的表征，并将该曲线与其他潜水和非潜水物种的血红蛋白-氧解离曲线进行比较，3）将皇帝血红蛋白-氧解离曲线应用于先前收集的氧和血红蛋白数据，以估计潜水期间血氧消耗的速率和幅度，（4）测量肌肉磷酸肌酸和糖原浓度，以估计它们在潜水过程中对肌肉能量代谢的潜在贡献。该项目还继续对罗斯海的帝王企鹅群进行普查和监测，鉴于渔业活动和冰山B15-A的移动，这一点特别重要。该项目的更广泛影响包括：1）基于微处理器的“背包式”近红外分光光度计的技术开发，这将不仅适用于其他物种，而且适用于其他领域（即，运动生理学），2）与圣地亚哥美国海军医院麻醉科合作，培训麻醉住院医师研究技术，3）对两名研究生进行这些技术和南极实地研究的培训和论文研究，以及4）更好地理解ADL概念及其在潜水行为和生理学领域的应用。此外，对罗斯海帝企鹅聚居地的年度普查，以及对以前开发的监测聚居地状况的远程摄像机的持续评估，将构成一个新的教育网站的基础，并允许通过圣地亚哥海洋世界开发一个面向学童的教育推广方案。