Artificial Intelligence: An Academic Genealogy

一个人的博士导师是他的学术导师。这种关系定义了研究人员的学术谱系，描述了一组特定研究人员的学术祖先和后代。虽然许多学生只有一个博士导师，但有些人有不止一个，所以谱系是一个晶格结构，在时间上既向前又向后分支。该项目将为人工智能（AI）领域建立一个学术谱系，这是一个引人注目的跨学科领域，它借鉴了计算机科学、数学、电气、控制和机械工程、认知、感知和发展心理学、语言学和哲学等领域。人工智能是由高度多样化的知识线索组成的，通常可以通过对知识遗产的研究来弄清楚……人工智能领域创建的一个里程碑是1956年夏天在达特茅斯学院举行的一次研讨会。该研讨会的一些与会者成为了人工智能的创始研究人员，他们的许多学生后来成为了该领域的领导者。尽管人工智能的一些创始人和早期领导者近年来已经去世，但我们很幸运，许多人仍然活着，并积极从事研究。因此，现在是收集这些人工智能先驱的历史信息的有利时机。发展人工智能的学术谱系对该领域来说是有价值和及时的。这个项目将为系谱任务提供一个正式的定义，为要收集的数据提供一个表示，为起点提供标准，以及可视化方法。由此产生的家谱数据将为研究科学本质以及人工智能领域细节的历史学家和社会科学家提供有用的资源。例如，学生与导师的关系是智力影响的一个重要特例，它与学术谱系的正式结构很接近。这个项目将有助于向更广泛的受众揭示科学的人性，并展示在正在进行的科学过程中导师与学生关系的优势和局限性。它还将有助于证明，在学术谱系的既定联系之外，新思想“从侧面”进入一个领域是多么重要。

One's doctoral advisor is one's academic parent. This relation defines an academic genealogy of researchers that describes the academic ancestors and descendents of a particular set of researchers. While many students have a single doctoral advisor, some have more than one, so the genealogy has a lattice structure that branches both forward and backward in time. This project will build an academic genealogy for the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a remarkably interdisciplinary field that draws on computer science, mathematics, electrical, control, and mechanical engineering, cognitive, perceptual, and developmental psychology, linguistics, and philosophy, among other fields. AI is made up of a highly diverse collection of intellectual threads, which can often be made clear through examination of intellectual heritage..A landmark in the creation of the field of AI was a workshop held at Dartmouth College in the summer of 1956. A number of the attendees at that workshop became the founding researchers in AI and many of their students have gone on to become leaders in the field. Although some of the founders and early leaders of AI have died in recent years, we are fortunate that many are still alive and vigorously pursuing research. It is thus a propitious time to collect historical information from these AI pioneers.Developing an academic genealogy of AI will be valuable and timely for the field. This project will provide a formal definition for the genealogy task, a representation for the data to be collected, criteria for starting points, and visualization methods. The resulting genealogical data will provide a useful resource for historians and social scientists studying the nature of science as well as the particulars of the field of AI. For instance, the student-advisor relation is an important special case of intellectual influence, and one that is approximated by the formal structure of the academic genealogy. This project will help reveal the human face of science to a wider audience and demonstrate the strength and limitations of the advisor-student relationship in the ongoing process of science. It will also help demonstrate how important new ideas enter a field "from the side", outside of the established links of the academic genealogy.