Scientific Representation: Structure and Perspective

科学表征：结构和视角bas C. van fraassen该项目旨在开发一种测量方法，同时将其作为一种物理交互和有意义的信息收集过程。来源包括杜汉姆的测量结果作为理论负载的观点和庞加莱的测量作为透视的观点。测量的这些方面将在近代和经典物理学的背景下进行探讨。设想是对测量结果的描述，作为透视表示，在纯科学和应用科学之间架起了一座桥梁。这个关于测量的项目是一个更大的关于科学表征的项目的最后阶段，与它的每个部分重叠。第一部分，表征，研究一般概念，仅限于物理和数学表征（不包括心理学的关注）。第二部分，结构，将科学建模作为现象的表示，特别提到测量仪器。历史上的例子包括艺术和建筑视角的发展；哥白尼对行星逆行运动的解释；显微术的发展；相对论带来的时空表征的变化，以及量子力学中对支持相对论的实验的描述。第三部分，透视，涉及威胁结构主义关于科学表征观点的悖论，引用了从赫尔曼·韦尔到希拉里·普特南的论点。智力优势：PI将对当前的测量项目和更大的项目中遇到的理论和哲学问题提出原创性的回答。测量与建模、结构与视角是科学哲学近期发展的核心。该项目旨在解决或解决与这些问题有关的突出问题，并涉及设计一种明显的经验主义结构主义，作为对最近结构现实主义和最近复兴和扩展的新康德主义观点的批判性回应。更广泛的影响：PI建议在与牛津大学出版社签订的《科学表现：观点的悖论》一书中提出理论结果。从2001年牛津大学骆家辉讲座开始，该项目通过国际会议和期刊交流，在积极的学术咨询和合作中不断发展。虽然pi的最新著作《经验主义立场》提供了当今经验主义的广泛观点，但本项目继续对他的《定律、对称和量子力学：经验主义观点》进行更技术性的研究，同时解决了当前哲学辩论中一些最活跃的话题。这些争论在我们更广泛的文化中产生了显著的影响，并要求他们的回应既微妙又严谨。在这一有待发展的独特的经验主义观点中，一个具体的实用主义转向使人们有可能消除一系列被认为支持科学上的相对主义和怀疑主义的悖论。PI在这里继续他对相对主义和怀疑论的批判，正如他在1992年对科学哲学协会的主席演讲中最初提出的那样。

1Project SummaryScientific Representation: Structure and PerspectiveBas C. van FraassenThe project is to develop an account of measurement as at the same time a physicalinteraction and a meaningful information gathering process. Sources include Duhemsview of measurement outcomes as theory-laden and Poincare's view of measurement asperspectival. These aspects of measurement are to be explored in the context of recent aswell as classical physics. Envisaged is an account of measurement outcomes asperspectival representations that provide a bridge between pure and applied science.This project on measurement is the final stage of a larger project on the subject ofscientific representation, overlapping with each of its parts. Part I, Representation,investigates the general concept, restricted to physical and mathematical representations(excluding concerns of psychology). Part II, Structure, addresses scientific modelling asrepresentation of phenomena, with special reference to measurement instrumentation.Historical examples include the development of perspective in art and architecture;Copernicus explanation of retrograde planetary motion; the development ofmicroscopy; the changes in spatio-temporal representation introduced by the theory ofrelativity, and the description in quantum mechanics of the experiments that support it.Part III, Perspective, engages paradoxes that threaten structuralist views concerningscientific representation, referring to arguments from Herman Weyl to Hilary Putnam.INTELLECTUAL MERIT: The PI will introduce original responses to the theoreticaland philosophical problems encountered, both in the current project on measurement andin the larger project of which this is part. Measurement and modelling, structure andperspective are at the center of recent developments in philosophy of science. Theproject is envisaged to solve or dissolve outstanding problems concerning these, andinvolves the design of a distinctly empiricist structuralism offered in critical response torecent structural realism and to recently revived and extended neo-Kantian views.BROADER IMPACT: The PI proposes to present the theoretical results in a book undercontract with Oxford University Press, Scientific Representation: Paradoxes OfPerspective. Begun in the Locke Lectures, Oxford 2001, the project is evolving in activescholarly consultation and cooperation through international conferences and journalexchanges. While the PIs most recent book, The Empirical Stance offered a broad viewof empiricism today, this project continues the more technical investigations of his Lawsand Symmetry and Quantum Mechanics: an Empiricist View -- while addressing some ofthe most lively topics in current philosophical debates.These debates have salient repercussions in our wider culture, and require fortheir response a combination of subtlety and rigor. Within this distinctively empiricistview to be developed, a specifically pragmatic turn makes it possible to dissolve a familyof paradoxes that have been thought to support relativism and skepticism concerning thesciences. The PI continues here his critique of relativism and skepticism, as initiallypresented in his 1992 Presidential Address to the Philosophy of Science Association.