Scientific Representation: Structure and Perspective

科学表征：结构与视角

• 批准号: 0549002
• 负责人: Bas van Fraassen
• 金额: $ 14.95万
• 依托单位: Princeton University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-07-01 至 2008-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0549002&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Scientific; Representation; Structure; Perspective

1Project SummaryScientific Representation: Structure and PerspectiveBas C. van FraassenThe project is to develop an account of measurement as at the same time a physicalinteraction and a meaningful information gathering process. Sources include Duhemsview of measurement outcomes as theory-laden and Poincare's view of measurement asperspectival. These aspects of measurement are to be explored in the context of recent aswell as classical physics. Envisaged is an account of measurement outcomes asperspectival representations that provide a bridge between pure and applied science.This project on measurement is the final stage of a larger project on the subject ofscientific representation, overlapping with each of its parts. Part I, Representation,investigates the general concept, restricted to physical and mathematical representations(excluding concerns of psychology). Part II, Structure, addresses scientific modelling asrepresentation of phenomena, with special reference to measurement instrumentation.Historical examples include the development of perspective in art and architecture;Copernicus explanation of retrograde planetary motion; the development ofmicroscopy; the changes in spatio-temporal representation introduced by the theory ofrelativity, and the description in quantum mechanics of the experiments that support it.Part III, Perspective, engages paradoxes that threaten structuralist views concerningscientific representation, referring to arguments from Herman Weyl to Hilary Putnam.INTELLECTUAL MERIT: The PI will introduce original responses to the theoreticaland philosophical problems encountered, both in the current project on measurement andin the larger project of which this is part. Measurement and modelling, structure andperspective are at the center of recent developments in philosophy of science. Theproject is envisaged to solve or dissolve outstanding problems concerning these, andinvolves the design of a distinctly empiricist structuralism offered in critical response torecent structural realism and to recently revived and extended neo-Kantian views.BROADER IMPACT: The PI proposes to present the theoretical results in a book undercontract with Oxford University Press, Scientific Representation: Paradoxes OfPerspective. Begun in the Locke Lectures, Oxford 2001, the project is evolving in activescholarly consultation and cooperation through international conferences and journalexchanges. While the PIs most recent book, The Empirical Stance offered a broad viewof empiricism today, this project continues the more technical investigations of his Lawsand Symmetry and Quantum Mechanics: an Empiricist View -- while addressing some ofthe most lively topics in current philosophical debates.These debates have salient repercussions in our wider culture, and require fortheir response a combination of subtlety and rigor. Within this distinctively empiricistview to be developed, a specifically pragmatic turn makes it possible to dissolve a familyof paradoxes that have been thought to support relativism and skepticism concerning thesciences. The PI continues here his critique of relativism and skepticism, as initiallypresented in his 1992 Presidential Address to the Philosophy of Science Association.

1项目概述科学表征：结构与视角货车Fraassen该项目是开发一个帐户的测量，同时作为一个物理的相互作用和有意义的信息收集过程。来源包括Duhemsview的测量结果作为理论负载和庞加莱的测量asperspectival的看法。测量的这些方面将在最近以及经典物理学的背景下进行探索。设想的是一个测量结果的帐户asperspectival表示，提供了一个桥梁之间的纯科学和应用science.This项目的测量是一个更大的项目的最后阶段的科学表示的主题，与它的每一个部分重叠。第一部分，表征，研究一般概念，仅限于物理和数学表征（不包括心理学的关注）。第二部分，结构，论述了作为现象表征的科学模型，特别提到了测量仪器。历史上的例子包括艺术和建筑中透视法的发展;哥白尼对逆行行星运动的解释;显微镜的发展;相对论引入的时空表示的变化，以及支持相对论的实验的量子力学描述。第三部分，透视，从事悖论，威胁结构主义的观点concerningscientific representation，指的是从赫尔曼外尔的论点希拉里Putnam.智力优点：PI将介绍原始的反应遇到的理论和哲学问题，无论是在当前的项目测量和在更大的项目，这是一部分。测量和建模、结构和透视是科学哲学最近发展的中心。该项目的设想是解决或解决有关这些悬而未决的问题，并涉及一个明显的结构主义的设计，在批判性回应提供最近的结构现实主义和最近恢复和扩展的新康德views. broaderimpact：PI建议目前的理论成果在一本书的合同与牛津大学出版社，科学的表示：Parabies的观点。该项目始于2001年牛津洛克讲座，通过国际会议和期刊交流，在积极的学术磋商与合作中发展。虽然PI的最新著作《经验主义立场》提供了对当今唯物主义的广泛看法，但这个项目继续了他的《定律与对称性》和《量子力学：经验主义观点》中更技术性的研究--同时解决了当前哲学辩论中一些最活跃的话题。这些辩论在我们更广泛的文化中产生了显著的反响，并要求他们的回应既微妙又严谨。在这种独特的实用主义观点的发展，一个具体的实用主义转向，使之有可能解散家庭的悖论，一直被认为是支持相对主义和怀疑论有关的科学。PI在这里继续他对相对主义和怀疑主义的批判，正如他在1992年科学哲学协会主席讲话中最初提出的那样。