Intergovernmental Challenges of Homeland Security: Explaining Local Government Preparedness Efforts

国土安全的政府间挑战：解释地方政府的准备工作

• 批准号: 0554332
• 负责人: Brian Gerber
• 金额: $ 8.02万
• 依托单位: West Virginia University Research Corporation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-09 至 2008-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0554332&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Intergovernmental; Challenges; Homeland; Security; Explaining

"Intergovernmental Challenges of Homeland Security: Explaining Local Preparedness Efforts"PROJECT ABSTRACTThis project will examine local governments' preparedness efforts in implementing homeland security policies. The substantive policymaking problem is that local government capacity for, and commitment to, preparedness (planning activities, placement of resources, personnel training, etc.) on natural or technological hazards is often very uneven across the United States. This is important because effective homeland security necessarily relies on local governments to be proactive in dealing with potential terror incidents as a hazard; if some, or many, local governments are either unwilling or unable to be proactive, then the nation is likely more vulnerable to attack. A key question to explore is: what exactly explains local government effort in preparing for terrorism as a hazard? To address the question, this project builds on an earlier pilot study (conducted in March 2004) which gathered information on homeland security preparedness at the local level through a nationwide mail survey of local government officials. This project extends that study by: constructing an expanded sample frame that includes both city and county officials; expanding the survey instrument on several key issues; gathering a more complete set of objective performance indicators; and conducting several case studies of different types of cities to provide greater depth to the explanation of local government preparedness efforts. The significance of the research project is that it addresses what factors determine effective hazards management policy in a federal system where, very often, the policymaking incentives facing national and state and local governments diverge. The expectation for this project is that it will identify a specific set of causal factors that explain hazard management preparedness at the local government generally, and homeland security activities specifically.

“国土安全的政府间挑战：解释地方准备工作”项目摘要本项目将审查地方政府在执行国土安全政策方面的准备工作。实质性决策问题是地方政府的备灾能力和承诺（规划活动、资源配置、人员培训等）在美国各地，自然或技术灾害的影响往往很不平衡。 这一点很重要，因为有效的国土安全必然依赖于地方政府积极主动地将潜在的恐怖事件作为一种危险来处理;如果一些或许多地方政府不愿意或不能积极主动，那么国家可能更容易受到攻击。 要探讨的一个关键问题是：究竟如何解释地方政府在准备恐怖主义作为一种危险方面所做的努力？ 为解决这一问题，该项目借鉴了以前的一项试点研究（2004年3月进行），该研究通过对地方政府官员进行全国性邮件调查，收集了地方一级国土安全准备情况的资料。该项目通过以下方式扩展了这项研究：建立一个扩大的样本框架，其中包括市和县官员;扩大关于若干关键问题的调查工具;收集一套更完整的客观业绩指标;对不同类型的城市进行若干案例研究，以便更深入地解释地方政府的备灾努力。该研究项目的意义在于，它解决了在联邦系统中，哪些因素决定了有效的灾害管理政策，而在联邦系统中，国家、州和地方政府面临的决策激励往往是不同的。对该项目的期望是，它将确定一组具体的因果因素，解释地方政府一般的危险管理准备，具体的国土安全活动。