Managing Evacuee Ingress: Network Interactions and Community Hosting Performance

管理撤离者入口：网络交互和社区托管性能

• 批准号: 1143922
• 负责人: Brian Gerber
• 金额: $ 20.85万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Denver-Downtown Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-12-22 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1143922&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Managing; Evacuee; Ingress; Network; Interactions

This project addresses challenges associated with mass evacuations during disasters. Prior research on disaster evacuations has mostly focused on how, and why, large numbers of people move out of a disaster area. This project instead addresses how well communities can absorb and manage the needs of evacuees moving into their area. This is an important issue because the needs of evacuees extend well beyond the narrow question of how to get them out of harm's way. The study will look at how governmental agencies interact with nongovernmental agencies (e.g. voluntary organizations, faith-based groups, and private sector service providers like nursing homes) during an evacuation. Specifically, it examines (1) how governmental and nongovernmental organizations perform in terms of working together on critical tasks when managing evacuees entering a given geographic area, (2) how and why governmental and nongovernmental organizations interact and collaborate (or why not) while hosting evacuees, and (3) what these organizational interactions mean for evacuation management practices and outcomes for evacuees. The researchers will develop an analytic framework to explain evacuation management performance by examining recent major hurricane evacuations in Florida, Alabama, Texas, and Louisiana; it will also compare outcomes in those areas to other major evacuations in Oklahoma and California. The investigators will conduct analyses by creating an inventory of community resources related to evacuation management, measuring and assessing how "networks" of organizations interact, and by identifying, measuring and assessing key indicators of evacuee management performance in a "hosting" community.The benefits of this project take several forms. The potential impacts of the study include the following: (1) improving future planning and preparedness efforts by better understanding community performance in terms of hosting incoming evacuees, (2) improving planning and preparedness in this area especially helps those most vulnerable to the negative effects of an evacuation (e.g. elderly, disabled persons, lower incomes families), and (3) advancing graduate student and professional training in this area. The project also offers benefits in terms of research innovation: (1) for the first time, it provides systematic empirical evidence that accounts for how networks of governmental and nongovernmental organizations (both nonprofit and for-profit) separately, and in coordination, respond to disaster evacuation on the issue of managing the needs of evacuees entering a hosting area, (2) it identifies and provides a list of performance measures at a community level for how well the needs of evacuees are met when they move into a new area - measures that do not exist at present, and (3) it produces evidence on what factors are most important to relatively stronger or weaker performance for communities when they are required to manage the needs of evacuees entering their area. In sum, this project represents research that will help improve disaster evacuation management practices in the United States.

该项目处理与灾害期间大规模疏散有关的挑战。 此前关于灾难疏散的研究主要集中在如何以及为什么大量的人从灾区撤离。 该项目解决的是社区如何吸收和管理迁入其地区的撤离人员的需求。 这是一个重要的问题，因为撤离人员的需求远远超出了如何让他们脱离危险的狭隘问题。 该研究将研究政府机构如何与非政府机构（例如志愿组织，信仰团体和私营部门服务提供者，如养老院）在疏散过程中互动。具体而言，它研究（1）政府和非政府组织如何在管理进入特定地理区域的撤离人员时共同执行关键任务，（2）政府和非政府组织在接待撤离人员时如何以及为什么互动和合作（或为什么不），以及（3）这些组织互动对撤离人员的疏散管理实践和结果意味着什么。 研究人员将开发一个分析框架，通过检查最近在佛罗里达，亚拉巴马，得克萨斯州和路易斯安那州的主要飓风疏散来解释疏散管理绩效;它还将比较这些地区的结果与俄克拉荷马州和加州的其他主要疏散。 调查员将进行分析，建立与疏散管理有关的社区资源清单，衡量和评估各组织“网络”如何互动，并确定、衡量和评估“收容”社区疏散人员管理业绩的关键指标。 该研究的潜在影响包括：（1）通过更好地了解社区在接纳即将到来的疏散人员方面的表现，改善未来的规划和准备工作，（2）改善这一领域的规划和准备工作，特别是帮助那些最容易受到疏散负面影响的人（如老年人、残疾人、低收入家庭），以及（3）推进这一领域的研究生和专业培训。 该项目还在研究创新方面提供了好处：（1）它首次提供了系统的经验证据，说明政府和非政府组织网络如何（非营利性和营利性）分别，并在协调，应对灾害疏散的问题上，管理撤离人员进入托管区的需求，（2）它确定并提供了一份社区一级的绩效衡量标准清单，以衡量撤离人员迁入新地区时的需求得到满足的程度-目前还没有这些衡量标准，以及（3）当社区被要求管理进入其区域的疏散人员的需求时，哪些因素对社区相对较强或较弱的表现最为重要。 总之，该项目代表了有助于改善美国灾难疏散管理实践的研究。