Managing Evacuee Ingress: Network Interactions and Community Hosting Performance

管理撤离者入口：网络交互和社区托管性能

• 批准号: 0927576
• 负责人: Brian Gerber
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Louisiana State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0927576&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Managing; Evacuee; Ingress; Network; Interactions

This project addresses challenges associated with mass evacuations during disasters. Prior research on disaster evacuations has mostly focused on how, and why, large numbers of people move out of a disaster area. This project instead addresses how well communities can absorb and manage the needs of evacuees moving into their area. This is an important issue because the needs of evacuees extend well beyond the narrow question of how to get them out of harm's way. The study will look at how governmental agencies interact with nongovernmental agencies (e.g. voluntary organizations, faith-based groups, and private sector service providers like nursing homes) during an evacuation. Specifically, it examines (1) how governmental and nongovernmental organizations perform in terms of working together on critical tasks when managing evacuees entering a given geographic area, (2) how and why governmental and nongovernmental organizations interact and collaborate (or why not) while hosting evacuees, and (3) what these organizational interactions mean for evacuation management practices and outcomes for evacuees. The researchers will develop an analytic framework to explain evacuation management performance by examining recent major hurricane evacuations in Florida, Alabama, Texas, and Louisiana; it will also compare outcomes in those areas to other major evacuations in Oklahoma and California. The investigators will conduct analyses by creating an inventory of community resources related to evacuation management, measuring and assessing how "networks" of organizations interact, and by identifying, measuring and assessing key indicators of evacuee management performance in a "hosting" community.The benefits of this project take several forms. The potential impacts of the study include the following: (1) improving future planning and preparedness efforts by better understanding community performance in terms of hosting incoming evacuees, (2) improving planning and preparedness in this area especially helps those most vulnerable to the negative effects of an evacuation (e.g. elderly, disabled persons, lower incomes families), and (3) advancing graduate student and professional training in this area. The project also offers benefits in terms of research innovation: (1) for the first time, it provides systematic empirical evidence that accounts for how networks of governmental and nongovernmental organizations (both nonprofit and for-profit) separately, and in coordination, respond to disaster evacuation on the issue of managing the needs of evacuees entering a hosting area, (2) it identifies and provides a list of performance measures at a community level for how well the needs of evacuees are met when they move into a new area - measures that do not exist at present, and (3) it produces evidence on what factors are most important to relatively stronger or weaker performance for communities when they are required to manage the needs of evacuees entering their area. In sum, this project represents research that will help improve disaster evacuation management practices in the United States.

该项目解决了与灾害期间大规模疏散相关的挑战。以前关于灾难疏散的研究主要集中在如何以及为什么大量的人离开灾区。相反，该项目解决的是社区如何能够很好地吸收和管理迁入其地区的疏散人员的需求。这是一个重要的问题，因为疏散人员的需要远远超出了如何让他们远离伤害的狭隘问题。这项研究将考察政府机构在疏散过程中如何与非政府机构(如志愿组织、基于信仰的团体和养老院等私营部门服务提供者)互动。具体地说，它考察(1)政府和非政府组织在管理进入特定地理区域的疏散人员时如何在关键任务上合作，(2)政府和非政府组织如何以及为什么在接待疏散人员时进行互动和合作(或为什么不)，以及(3)这些组织互动对疏散人员的疏散管理做法和结果意味着什么。研究人员将开发一个分析框架，通过检查佛罗里达州、阿拉巴马州、德克萨斯州和路易斯安那州最近的主要飓风疏散情况来解释疏散管理表现；它还将比较这些地区与俄克拉何马州和加利福尼亚州其他主要疏散情况的结果。调查人员将通过创建与疏散管理相关的社区资源清单、衡量和评估组织的“网络”如何互动以及确定、衡量和评估“托管”社区中疏散人员管理绩效的关键指标来进行分析。这项研究的潜在影响包括：(1)通过更好地了解社区在接待新来的疏散人员方面的表现，改善未来的规划和准备工作，(2)改善这一领域的规划和准备工作，特别是帮助那些最容易受到疏散负面影响的人(例如老年人、残疾人、低收入家庭)，以及(3)推进这一领域的研究生和专业培训。该项目还提供了研究创新方面的好处：(1)它第一次提供了系统的经验证据，说明政府和非政府组织(非营利和营利性组织)网络如何在管理进入收容区的疏散人员的需求问题上分别和协调地应对灾害疏散；(2)它确定并提供了社区一级的业绩衡量标准，以衡量疏散人员在搬进新地区时的需求得到满足的情况如何--目前尚不存在这些措施，以及(3)它提供的证据表明，当社区被要求管理进入其地区的疏散人员的需求时，哪些因素对社区表现的相对较强或较弱最重要。总而言之，该项目代表了有助于改进美国灾难疏散管理实践的研究。