NIRT: Nanometer Stoichiometric Particle Compound Solutions and Control of their Self-Assembly into the Condensed Phase

国家科学基金会-主动纳米结构和纳米系统（ANN）（NSF 05-610）纳米级跨学科研究小组（NIRT）摘要提案编号：0609318主要研究员：Sorenson，Christopher M. 堪萨斯州立大学提案标题：NIRT：纳米化学计量颗粒化合物的解决方案和控制其自组装成凝聚相这一建议是在响应纳米科学和工程倡议，NSF 05-610，类别NIRT。 其目标是创造一个新的纳米“化学计量颗粒化合物”家族，或者也可以称为所有相同尺寸的纳米颗粒，并控制它们主动组装成凝聚相。为了做到这一点，需要了解和控制溶液相和界面性质。还需要了解颗粒自组装产生二维和三维超晶格，薄膜和凝胶。为了实现这一目标，将大量合成一系列纳米材料，并将其“纳米加工”（消化成熟）到分子化学计量，并用选定的表面配体稳定。配体将根据其疏水或亲水的倾向、其形成有序单层的能力以及与相邻配体形成氢键和/或相互交叉的能力来选择。以这种方式，溶液相行为、聚集、结晶以形成超晶格以及组装成各种结构将被控制。溶液的物理化学，它们的相图，界面现象，以及向其他相的转变都是非常好理解的。此外，人们对胶体相的稳定性以及胶体不稳定时会发生什么已经有了很多了解。新的纳米尺寸的化学计量颗粒化合物的研究介于溶液和胶体之间，其相行为，界面现象，过渡到其他相，并控制组装没有探索与实验或理论。这项研究将试图纠正这种缺乏实验数据和理解的情况，从而将所有这些系统与一个通用的描述联系起来。最近发展起来的超分子组装技术将从分子组装扩展到粒子组装。这个想法是将这些尺寸和组成几乎均匀的纳米颗粒视为化学计量的化合物，其行为可能以某种新颖的方式类似于“正常”的原子和分子系统。基于单一尺寸的纳米颗粒，而不是原子和分子主动组装成超晶格，薄膜，凝胶和超分子实体的材料的创造将产生一种全新的材料，它可以重建或重新创造我们所有的现代奇迹。化学计量的粒子化合物可以产生基于粒子的世界。因此，从广义的角度来看，这是一种尝试，以发展和使用三维周期表的概念，其中尺寸是第三维。PI将开发一套精简的课程选项，使我们的学生能够在物理，化学，材料科学和工程方面获得广泛的培训，而不会显著增加他们的培训时间。该计划将通过最近成立的非常成功的夏季研讨会系列向青少年女性介绍纳米科学和技术。PI将包括全年研究的本科生。

National Science Foundation - Active Nanostructure and Nanosystems (ANN) (NSF 05-610)Nanoscale Interdisciplinary Research Teams (NIRT)ABSTRACTProposal Number: 0609318Principal Investigator: Sorenson, Christopher M.Affiliation: Kansas State UniversityProposal Title: NIRT: Nanometer Stoichiometric Particle Compound Solutions and Control of their Self-Assembly into the Condensed PhaseThis proposal was received in response to Nanoscale Science and Engineering initiative, NSF 05-610, category NIRT. The goal is to create a new family of nanometer "stoichiometric particle compounds," or what could also be called nanoparticles of all the same size, and to control their active assembly into condensed phases. In order to do this, understanding and control of solution phase and interfacial properties is needed. Understanding of particulate self-assembly to yield two and three dimensional superlattices, films and gels is also needed. To achieve this goal a series of nanomaterials will be synthesized in large amounts and will be "nanomachined" (digestively ripened) to molecular stoichiometry and stabilized with selected surface ligands. The ligands will be chosen for their tendencies to be hydrophobic or hydrophilic, their ability to form ordered monolayers, and to hydrogen bond and/or interdigitate with neighbors. In this way solution phase behavior, aggregation, crystallization to form superlattices, and assembly into various structures will be controlled. The physical chemistry of solutions, their phase diagrams, interfacial phenomena, and transitions to other phases is very well understood. Moreover, much is known about colloid phase stability and what happens when the colloid is destabilized. The new nanometer size stoichiometric particle compounds to be studied lie between solutions and colloids, and their phase behavior, interfacial phenomena, transitions to other phases, and controlled assembly have not been explored with experiment or theory. This research will attempt to rectify this lack of experimental data and understanding, and hence bind all these systems with one universal description. Therecently developed supramolecular building techniques will be extended to assembly of particles rather than molecules. The idea is to view these nearly uniform in size and composition nanoparticles as stoichiometric compounds with behavior, perhaps in some novel manner, analogous to "normal" atomic and molecular systems. Creation of materials based on single-sized nanoparticles, rather than atoms and molecules that actively assemble into superlattices, films, gels and supermolecular entities would yield a whole new class of materials with which it could rebuild or recreate all our modern marvels. Stoichiometric particle compounds can produce a particle-based world. Thus, from a broad perspective, this is an attempt to develop and then use the concept of a three-dimensional periodic table where size is the third dimension. The PIs will develop a streamlined set of course options to allow our students to achieve a broad training across physics, chemistry, materials science and engineering without significantly adding time to their training experience. The program will introduce teen women to nanoscience and technology through a recently established and very successful summer workshop series. The PIs will include undergraduates in the research year round.