The Study of Dynamic and Stable Ethnic Identity Development among Asian and African American Adolescents

这项国家科学基金会社会、行为和经济科学少数族裔博士后奖学金启动助学金为博士后研究员在完成NSF博士后一年内获得终身教职后的一年内为其提供启动基础设施支持。这项针对国家科学基金会社会、行为和经济科学少数民族博士后奖学金的提案有两个主要目标。第一个目标是继续支持作为博士后研究奖学金(SES-0409492)一部分资助的研究。本研究的具体目的是：1)。在实验室环境中实验性地操纵种族认同的突显，2)。研究显著度与心理情绪的关系，3)。考察背景的效价(即，消极的、积极的)如何影响显著与情绪之间的联系，以及4)。探索稳定的种族认同如何影响这些联系。对密歇根大学非裔美国人样本的初步分析表明，实验性操纵导致了不同水平的种族认同在实验和控制条件下的突显。本研究的实验方法首次证明了语境和突显之间的因果关系，而以往的日常日记和经验抽样研究只允许进行相关观察。这些数据表明，阅读报纸上关于非裔美国人负面经历的文章肯定了非裔美国人的世界观，他们已经认为其他人对他们的群体持负面看法。密歇根大学和福特汉姆大学的数据收集将揭示亚裔和非裔美国人的中西部和东北部样本在种族认同突显体验上是否存在差异。第二个目标是对纽约大都会地区的亚裔和非裔美国高中生进行纵向研究。学者们讨论过，青春期是身份认同发展的一个特别关键的时期；对于有色人种的年轻人来说，这种身份认同可能包括一种基于民族或种族群体成员身份的身份认同。因此，对身份随时间的变化进行纵向观察似乎尤为重要。因此，本提案将说明对为期4年的纵向项目的第一年的支持。本研究的具体目的是：1)。2)追踪自然主义背景下亚裔和非裔美国青少年的种族认同突显的变异性。评估这种变异性如何与稳定的种族认同的变化有关，以及3)。探讨族群认同与自我心理功能之间的关系，作为自我的动态和稳定方面。尽管研究提供了越来越多的支持，支持种族认同突显在不同天和不同情况下的变异性，但这种突显的长期影响尚不清楚。因此，本研究将检视族群认同突显的情境和日常经验如何影响族群认同随时间的稳定发展。也就是说，随着时间的推移，种族认同在日常环境中的突出程度如何影响稳定身份的发展？由于这一建议是以族裔和种族认同的多层面模式为基础的，它试图解决身份的各个层面如何与日常经验有不同的关系。拟议研究的数据密集性旨在提供有关来自两个少数群体的青少年日常生活的丰富和详细信息。将日常日记、体验抽样、实验技术等前沿方法与传统调查方法相结合，将更全面地了解种族认同在日常生活中是如何运作的。虽然在过去的几十年里，关于种族认同的文献激增，但很少有研究涉及这种认同的动态性质。因此，这项研究将对现有文献做出贡献，为族群认同的动态化提供额外的支持。此外，到目前为止，关于种族和民族认同的研究在很大程度上是基于非裔美国人的经历；因此，这项研究将包括亚裔和非裔美国青年，从而为文学做出贡献。这项研究还表明，对多个群体进行研究，以确定普遍的进程以及美国少数群体所特有的进程，是非常宝贵的。本研究试图在少数民族青年的日常生活经历和自我意识发展之间建立联系。这将使这位研究员将她关于亚裔美国人的工作扩展到对非裔美国青少年的研究。最后，这笔赠款将支持从青春期到青壮年的研究，提供关于身份发展的一个特别重要的发展阶段的信息。

This National Science Foundation Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences Minority Post-Doctoral Fellowship Starter Grant provides start-up infrastructural support for the Post-Doctoral Fellow once he/she receives a tenure-track position within one year of finishing the NSF post-doc. There are two primary objectives of this proposal for the National Science Foundation Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences Minority Post-Doctoral Fellowship Starter Grant. The first objective is to provide continued support for research funded as part of the PostDoctoral Research Fellowship (SES-0409492). The specific aims of this study are: 1). to experimentally manipulate ethnic identity salience in a laboratory setting, 2). to examine how salience is associated with psychological mood, 3). to examine how the valence of the setting (i.e., negative, positive) influences the association between salience and mood, and 4). to explore how stable ethnic identity might influence these associations. Preliminary analyses of the African American sample at the University of Michigan indicate that the experimental manipulation results in different levels of ethnic identity salience across the experimental and control conditions. The experimental method of this study makes it the first to demonstrate a causal association between context and salience, whereas previous daily diary and experience sampling studies allowed only for correlational observations. These data suggest that reading newspaper articles about the negative experiences of African Americans affirms the worldview of African Americans who already think that others view their group negatively. Data collection at the University of Michigan and Fordham will reveal whether there are differences in experiences of ethnic identity salience between Midwestern and Northeastern samples of Asian and African Americans. The second objective is to launch a longitudinal study of Asian and African American high school students in the New York Metropolitan area. Scholars have discussed adolescence as a particularly critical period for identity development; for youths of color, this identity may include an identity based on ethnic or racial group membership. As such, it seems especially important to make longitudinal observations of identity change over time. Therefore, this proposal will describe support for the first year of a 4-year longitudinal project. The specific aims of this study are: 1). to track the variability of ethnic identity salience among Asian and African American adolescents in naturalistic settings, 2). to evaluate how this variability is related to changes in stable ethnic identity, and 3). To explore the association between ethnic identity and psychological functioning as dynamic and stable aspects of the self. Although research provides increasing support for the variability of ethnic identity salience across days and situations, the long-term implications of this salience are unclear. As such, this study will examine how situation and daily level experiences of ethnic identity salience influence the development of stable ethnic identity over time. That is, how does the salience of ethnic identity in everyday contexts influence the development of a stable identity over time? Since this proposal is grounded in a multidimensional model of ethnic and racial identity it seeks to address how the various dimensions of identity may be differentially related to everyday experiences. The data intensive nature of the proposed studies is designed to provide rich and detailed information about the daily lives of adolescents from two minority groups. Combining cutting-edge methods such as daily diaries, experience sampling, and experimental techniques with traditional survey methods will provide a more comprehensive understanding of how ethnic identity operates in daily life. While the literature on ethnic identity has seen a surge in the past few decades, very little of this research addresses the dynamic nature of that identity. Therefore this study will contribute to the existing literature by providing additional support for the dynamism of ethnic identity. Moreover, to date, research on racial and ethnic identity has been largely based on the experiences of African Americans; therefore this study will contribute to the literature by including both Asian and African American youths. The study also makes a case that it is invaluable to conduct research on multiple groups in order to identify universal processes as well as those that are unique to minority groups in the United States. This study seeks to establish a link between the daily lived experiences of ethnic minority youth and their development of a sense of self. It will allow the Fellow to extend her work on Asian Americans to the study of African American adolescents. Finally, this grant will support research spanning adolescence to young adulthood providing information on a particularly important developmental period for identity development.