The Effects of Racial Discrimination and Sleep Disturbance on Health and Academic Outcomes among Minority Youth

种族歧视和睡眠障碍对少数民族青少年健康和学业成绩的影响

• 批准号: 1354134
• 负责人: Tiffany Yip
• 金额: $ 77.57万
• 依托单位: Fordham University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-01 至 2020-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1354134&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Effects; Racial; Discrimination; Sleep; Disturbance

Sleep is essential for health, daily functioning, and development. Yet, nearly 80% of 9th- and 97% of 12th-grade adolescents are chronically sleep-deprived. The adverse effects of sleep disturbance are especially pronounced for racial/ethnic minorities who consistently report poorer sleep hygiene. Hence, sleep can be added to a long list of areas in which racial/ethnic minorities suffer from disparities. Sleep disturbance may be a major cause of health and academic disparities among racial/ethnic minority adolescents. Sleep disturbance, health, and academic outcomes are also correlated with experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination, particularly among African American and Hispanic/Latino youth. This study explores whether sleep disturbance influences the relationships among racial discrimination, health and academic outcomes in this high-risk population. Are youth with greater sleep disturbance more likely to exhibit a negative impact of discrimination on health and achievement? This 4-year study will follow adolescents through high school to understand the ways that social and sleep-related factors influence the associations among racial/ethnic discrimination, health and academic outcomes. By collecting daily reports of discrimination, actigraphy (wristband monitor) measures of sleep, tri-annual reports of health and academic outcomes, and an index of school racial/ethnic diversity, the study investigates: (a) the effects of racial/ethnic discrimination on health and academic outcomes, (b) if sleep disturbance explains the link between racial discrimination and health and academic outcomes, (c) whether having a positive racial/ethnic identity influences how racial discrimination is related to sleep disturbance, and (d) how school ethnic/racial diversity is related to health and academic outcomes. Today, ethnic minorities already comprise 53% of Americans under age 18 and this number is projected to grow. The fact that historically minority groups are experiencing numerical majority status has the potential to redefine race relations. This study explores whether sleep may help protect minority adolescents against the negative effects of racial discrimination and stress.

睡眠对健康、日常功能和发育都是必不可少的。然而，近80%的9年级和97%的12年级青少年长期睡眠不足。睡眠障碍的不利影响对于一贯报告睡眠卫生较差的种族/少数民族来说尤其明显。因此，睡眠可以被添加到种族/少数民族遭受不平等的一长串领域。睡眠障碍可能是造成种族/少数民族青少年健康和学业差异的一个主要原因。睡眠障碍、健康和学业成绩也与种族/民族歧视的经历有关，特别是在非裔美国人和西班牙裔/拉美裔青年中。这项研究探讨了睡眠障碍是否会影响这一高危人群中种族歧视、健康和学业成绩之间的关系。睡眠障碍较大的年轻人是否更有可能表现出歧视对健康和成就的负面影响？这项为期4年的研究将跟踪青少年整个高中，以了解社会和睡眠相关因素如何影响种族/民族歧视、健康和学业成绩之间的联系。通过收集每天的歧视报告、睡眠活动监测(腕带监测器)、三年一次的健康和学业成绩报告以及学校种族/民族多样性指数，该研究调查：(A)种族/民族歧视对健康和学业成绩的影响，(B)睡眠障碍是否解释了种族歧视与健康和学业成绩之间的联系，(C)具有积极的种族/民族认同感是否影响种族歧视与睡眠障碍的关系，以及(D)学校种族/种族多样性与健康和学业成绩的关系。今天，少数民族已经占18岁以下美国人的53%，而且这个数字预计还会增长。从历史上看，少数群体正在经历数量上占多数的地位，这一事实有可能重新定义种族关系。这项研究探索睡眠是否有助于保护少数族裔青少年免受种族歧视和压力的负面影响。