Bronze Age Rural Ecology on Cyprus: Excavations at Politiko Troullia

塞浦路斯青铜时代乡村生态：Politiko Troullia 发掘

• 批准号: 0613760
• 负责人: Steven Falconer
• 金额: $ 8万
• 依托单位: Arizona State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-08-01 至 2009-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0613760&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Bronze; Age; Rural; Ecology; Cyprus

With support from the National Science Foundation, Drs. Steven Falconer, Patricia Fall and an international team of colleagues will conduct field research in 2006 and 2007 to study village agricultural development on Cyprus before the advent of cities. One of the most important legacies of early civilization is the establishment of the agricultural lifeways that have molded the natural and social landscapes we live in today. In the Near East, ancient agricultural intensification played a particularly important role in the evolution of urban-rural interactions and anthropogenic landscapes. A substantial body of theory and case studies highlights cities as the primary agents of agricultural change and landscape formation. New collaborative research on Cyprus will investigate pivotal aspects of agricultural change that may have proceeded independently of urban influences, reflecting paths of relatively autonomous rural change that lay at the foundation of agrarian civilizations. Previous archaeological studies of farming villages in Jordan directed by Falconer and Fall (and supported by NSF) detail agricultural strategies and landscape changes during the advent of urbanized society in the Bronze Age (ca. 2300-1500 B.C.). New investigations will consider whether comparable independent trends characterize contemporaneous Bronze Age agriculture on Cyprus (ca. 2500-1700 B.C.) prior to the development of cities and their influences. The results of this new research in an island setting on Cyprus will be compared to those from mainland Jordan, where villages adopted changing agricultural strategies and modified their landscapes in the social context of city growth and collapse. Contrasting results from Cyprus and Jordan will suggest fundamentally distinct courses of rural development in pre-urbanized (Cyprus) vs. urbanized (Jordan) societies. More provocatively, if similar trends do emerge, this result will strengthen our understanding of the independent rural agricultural dynamics that lay at the heart of early civilizations societies, whether in the context of urbanization or prior to its emergence. The research proposed here features a detailed mapping of surface and subsurface (using soil resistivity) architecture and archaeological excavation of the Early/Middle Bronze Age village of Politiko Troullia, Cyprus. The major goal is to explore Politiko Troullia as it illustrates the economic development of an agrarian village in Bronze Age pre-urban society on Cyprus. Special attention will be devoted to maximizing the recovery and interpretation of plant and animal remains as a means to infer strategies of village agriculture and their potential effects on surrounding landscapes. This research involves an international collaboration between Arizona State University, the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus and the Cyprus American Archaeological Research Institute, Nicosia. This project will train American and Cypriot undergraduate and graduate students in archaeological fieldwork and analysis. Dissemination of project results will include scientific publications, international conference presentations, website access and public lectures in the US and Cyprus. The broader benefits of this new research on Cyprus lie in 1) its rural perspective on agriculture and landscape formation, 2) its emphasis on household evidence of agricultural behavior, and 3) its unique comparison of the development of rural agrarian life and associated environmental consequences on the island of Cyprus and the continental Near East.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，Steven法尔科纳博士、Patricia Fall博士和一个国际同事小组将在2006年和2007年进行实地研究，研究城市出现之前塞浦路斯农村的农业发展。 早期文明最重要的遗产之一是农业生活方式的建立，塑造了我们今天生活的自然和社会景观。 在近东，古代农业集约化在城乡互动和人为景观的演变中发挥了特别重要的作用。 大量的理论和案例研究强调城市是农业变化和景观形成的主要因素。 对塞浦路斯的新的合作研究将调查农业变化的关键方面，这些变化可能独立于城市的影响，反映了奠定农业文明基础的相对自主的农村变化的路径。 以前由法尔科纳和法尔指导（并由NSF支持）的约旦农村考古研究详细介绍了青铜时代城市化社会到来期间的农业战略和景观变化。公元前2300-1500年）。 新的调查将考虑是否具有可比性的独立趋势表征了塞浦路斯（约1000年）同期青铜时代的农业。公元前2500-1700年）城市的发展及其影响。 这项在塞浦路斯岛屿环境中进行的新研究结果将与约旦大陆的研究结果进行比较，约旦大陆的村庄在城市增长和崩溃的社会背景下采用了不断变化的农业战略并修改了景观。 塞浦路斯和约旦的对比结果将表明，在城市化前（塞浦路斯）与城市化（约旦）社会中，农村发展的道路基本上是不同的。 更重要的是，如果出现类似的趋势，这一结果将加强我们对独立的农村农业动态的理解，这种动态是早期文明社会的核心，无论是在城市化的背景下还是在其出现之前。 这里提出的研究的特点是表面和地下（使用土壤电阻率）建筑和考古发掘的早期/中期青铜时代的村庄Politiko Troullia，塞浦路斯的详细映射。 主要目标是探索Politiko Troullia，因为它说明了塞浦路斯青铜时代前城市社会的农业村庄的经济发展。 将特别注意最大限度地恢复和解释植物和动物遗骸，作为推断乡村农业战略及其对周围景观的潜在影响的一种手段。 这项研究涉及亚利桑那州立大学、塞浦路斯文物部和尼科西亚塞浦路斯美洲考古研究所之间的国际合作。 该项目将培训美国和塞浦路斯的本科生和研究生进行考古实地考察和分析。 项目成果的传播将包括科学出版物、国际会议报告、网站访问以及在美国和塞浦路斯的公开讲座。 这项关于塞浦路斯的新研究的更广泛的好处在于：1）它对农业和景观形成的农村观点，2）它对农业行为的家庭证据的重视，以及3）它对塞浦路斯岛和近东大陆农村农业生活发展和相关环境后果的独特比较。