Bronze Age village life and landscape dynamics at Politiko-Troullia, Cyprus

塞浦路斯波利蒂科-特鲁利亚的青铜时代村庄生活和景观动态

• 批准号: 1031527
• 负责人: Steven Falconer
• 金额: $ 19.71万
• 依托单位: Arizona State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-15 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1031527&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Bronze; Age; village; life; landscape

The early agrarian civilizations around the Mediterranean Basin molded the natural and social landscapes in which many of the world's populations live today. National Science Foundation support will enable Drs. Steven Falconer and Patricia Fall to lead three years of multi-disciplinary investigations of Bronze Age agrarian ecology, household economy and landscape formation leading up to the advent of ancient cities on the island of Cyprus in the eastern Mediterranean. Research will focus on the ancient farming settlement of Politiko-Troullia and its surrounding environment in the copper-bearing foothills of the Troodos Mountains, Republic of Cyprus. This work builds on the results of previous research at Troullia and a variety of other Early and Middle Bronze Age settlements on Cyprus, elsewhere around the Mediterranean, and in nearby southwestern Asia (ca. 3000-1500 B.C.). The Early and Middle Bronze people of Cyprus experienced a variety of fundamental changes in lifestyle, economy, and social relations within and between communities leading to the rise of cities and urbanized society in the subsequent Late Bronze Age (ca. 1500-1000 B.C.). Two excavation seasons and one analytical study season, focused on the Early/Middle Bronze Age town of Politiko-Troullia, will explore how agriculture and agricultural life changed on the road toward urbanism, thereby irreversibly creating the intensively-managed landscapes that characterize the Mediterranean Basin today. Considerable energy will be devoted to detailed recovery and analysis of plant remains, animal bones, and metallurgical tools and by products, and exploration of the network of agricultural terraces on Troullia's surrounding hillsides. Special attention will be directed to technological innovation, particularly copper metallurgy, which precociously exploited the world's purest copper deposits in the Troodos. Indeed, the name "Cyprus" may derive from the same ancient Greek root that led to the modern English word "copper." Woven together, this evidence will provide a portrait of agricultural and social dynamics during the crucial lead-up to the earliest urbanism on Cyprus. Ultimately, comparison of the results from Politiko-Troullia, and other contemporaneous Cypriot settlements, with those from Anatolia and the Levant will allow archaeologists, historians and the general public to consider explanations for the intriguing and paradoxically late development of cities on Cyprus and in island societies generally. The implications of this research, therefore, may be applied to similar issues of social and economic disparity, as they may have contributed to the configurations of both the ancient and modern worlds.This research features an international collaboration between Arizona State University, the Department of Antiquities of the Republic of Cyprus (a member of the European Union), and the Cyprus American Archaeological Research Institute, Nicosia (a member of the Council of American Overseas Research Centers). American and Cypriot undergraduate and graduate students will receive hands-on training in archaeological and geographical fieldwork and analysis, providing first-person grounding in the process of scientific investigation. Special outreach programs connect this project with students at the University of Cyprus (Nicosia), and in the elementary and middle schools of Phoenix and Tempe, Arizona, as well as in the neighboring villages of Pera and Politiko, Cyprus. This project takes special pride in conveying the importance of understanding 1) the connections between ancient and modern Cyprus specifically, and 2) the origins of modern life ways as they developed from the innovations of our ancestors in deep history.

地中海盆地周围的早期农业文明塑造了当今世界许多人生活的自然和社会景观。国家科学基金会的支持将使Steven Falconer博士和Patricia Fall博士能够领导为期三年的青铜时代农业生态、家庭经济和景观形成的多学科调查，这些调查导致地中海东部塞浦路斯岛上的古城的出现。研究将侧重于塞浦路斯共和国特罗多斯山含铜山麓的Politiko-Troullia古代农业聚居地及其周围环境。这项工作建立在特洛利亚和塞浦路斯、地中海其他地方以及邻近的西南亚(约公元前3000-1500年)的其他各种青铜时代早期和中期聚落的研究结果的基础上。塞浦路斯早期和中期的青铜人在生活方式、经济和社区内部和社区之间的社会关系方面经历了各种根本性的变化，导致了随后的青铜时代晚期(约公元前1500-1000年)城市和城市化社会的兴起。两个挖掘季节和一个分析研究季节，重点是早期/中期青铜时代的Politiko-Troullia小镇，将探索农业和农业生活如何在城市化的道路上发生变化，从而不可逆转地创造出当今地中海盆地特有的集约化管理的景观。将投入大量精力对植物遗骸、动物骨骼、冶金工具和副产品进行详细的恢复和分析，并探索特罗利亚周围山坡上的农业梯田网络。将特别关注技术创新，特别是铜冶金技术，它早早地开采了特罗多斯山世界上最纯净的铜矿。事实上，“塞浦路斯”这个名字可能与现代英语中“铜”一词的词根是同一个古希腊词根。这些证据结合在一起，将提供塞浦路斯最早城市化之前关键时期农业和社会动态的写照。最终，将Politiko-Troullia和其他同时代塞浦路斯定居点的结果与Anatolia和Levant的结果进行比较，将使考古学家、历史学家和普通公众能够考虑对塞浦路斯和整个岛屿社会城市有趣和矛盾的后期发展的解释。因此，这项研究的意义可能适用于类似的社会和经济差距问题，因为它们可能对古代和现代世界的结构都有贡献。这项研究的特点是亚利桑那州立大学、塞浦路斯共和国文物部(欧盟成员国)和尼科西亚塞浦路斯美国考古研究所(美国海外研究中心理事会成员)之间的国际合作。美国和塞浦路斯的本科生和研究生将接受考古和地理实地考察和分析方面的实践培训，在科学调查过程中提供第一人称基础。特别外联方案将该项目与塞浦路斯大学(尼科西亚)、亚利桑那州菲尼克斯和坦佩的小学和中学以及塞浦路斯邻近村庄佩拉和波利蒂科的学生联系起来。这个项目特别自豪地传达了了解1)古代和现代塞浦路斯之间具体联系的重要性，以及2)现代生活方式的起源，因为它们是从我们祖先在远古历史中的创新发展而来的。