Ice in Clouds Experiment-Layer (ICE-L) Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) Spectral Measurements

云中冰实验（ICE）是一个多研究者项目，旨在更好地了解大气中冰的形成过程。 作为本研究的第一步，参与者将专注于动态简单系统。 他们将研究高海拔，层状云（因此冰层云或ICE L），与其他云系统相比，气溶胶和冰的产生之间的关系相对简单。 作为ICE L的一部分，PI将获得云凝结核（CCN）观测结果，并利用这些数据来解决与ICE-L和其他科学目标相关的研究问题。 从本质上讲，要了解任何云系统中的冰的产生，必须了解所有的相变过程，包括那些涉及云凝结核的过程。 这包括云凝结核对凝结过程和浸没成核等领域的影响。 除了有助于更好地了解层云中的微物理过程外，PI还将研究这些系统中的最大过饱和度（以前没有做过），并研究这些动力学简单系统中的质量调节系数。 为了实现研究目标，PI将在NSF C 130研究飞机上部署一台仪器来观察CCN光谱。 这和其他合作观察将允许PI攻击他的研究目标。 这些测量包括传统Aitken CCN范围（0.1微米干可溶直径）和大核范围（0.1-1微米）的精细空间分辨率以及良好的过饱和（S）分辨率。 只有DRI仪器才能提供这种全范围的S，这对于确定CCN和IN测量值之间的关系是必要的。 CCN测量也可以帮助区分不同的冰成核模式，因为一些模式-均匀，冷凝冻结和浸没冻结直接涉及CCN。 冰的过程有着重要的影响，从降水的生产，包括间接气溶胶效应，这是气候反馈过程中最重要的未知数之一的气候问题的广泛的大气主题。

The Ice in Clouds Experiment (ICE) is a multi investigator project with the intent to better understand the process of ice initiation in the atmosphere. As a first step in this investigation, the involved participants will focus on dynamically simple systems. They will study high altitude, layer clouds (hence ICE-Layer Clouds or ICE L) where the relationship between aerosols and ice production will be relatively simple compared to other cloud systems. As part of the ICE L, the PI will obtain cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) observations and utilize these to address research problems of relevance to ICE-L and other scientific objectives. In essence, to understand the ice production in any cloud system, one must understand all phase transitional processes, including those that involve CCN. This includes the impact of CCN on condensational processes and in such areas as immersion nucleation. In addition to contributing to better general understanding of the microphysical processes in the layer clouds, the PI will investigate the maximum supersaturation in these systems (not previously done) and investigate the mass accommodation coefficient in these dynamically simple systems. To accomplish the research objectives, the PI will deploy on the NSF C 130 research aircraft an instrument to observe the CCN spectra. This and other collaborative observations will allow the PI to attack his research objectives. These measurements include fine spatial resolution as well as good supersaturation (S) resolution of both the traditional Aitken CCN range ( 0.1 micron dry soluble diameter) and the large nuclei range (0.1-1 micron). This full range of S available only with the DRI instruments is necessary to ascertain relationships between CCN and IN measurements. CCN measurements can also aide in discriminating the different modes of ice nucleation because some of the modes-homogeneous, condensation freezing, and immersion-freezing directly involve CCN. The ice process has important implications for a broad range of atmospheric topics from precipitation production to climate issues including the indirect aerosol effect, which is one of the most important unknowns of climate feedback processes.