Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) Spectral Measurements in the Tropical Phase of the Ice in Clouds Experiment (ICE-T)

云中冰实验（Ice - t）的热带阶段计划于2011年夏季在加勒比海进行。这些飞机现场实验的首要目标是确定云外气溶胶测量是否可以预测热带混合相云中的云冰。云凝结核（CCN）光谱的测量是冰- t现场实验的关键。在热带云中，云冰的产生在很大程度上取决于液体/暖相，这在云基低的温暖潮湿环境中尤为突出。直接过程和二次过程产生冰的假设取决于液滴和液滴大小谱。更活跃的暖雨过程被认为会增加冰的产生；也就是说，大的云滴倾向于促进温暖的降水和冰的产生。人们普遍认为，液态云微物理取决于输入气溶胶-即CCN。知识的优点。在这项研究中，我们将在即将到来的ICE-T野外活动中对两台沙漠研究所（DRI, University of Nevada）的云凝结核（CCN）光谱仪采集的数据进行现场采样和实验后分析。DRI的CCN光谱仪可以在高时间和过饱和分辨率下提供比其他可用CCN探针更完整的CCN光谱。DRI CCN光谱仪的一个独特之处在于它们的工作过饱和度范围很广。同时测量在极低过饱和度（0.001%）下激活的大核和巨核，对于进行ICE-T的相对清洁的热带海洋环境特别重要。DRI CCN光谱仪将不仅提供详细、准确和完整的光谱，而且还提供补充的挥发性和CCN尺寸测量。这些额外的努力为CCN的组成和起源提供了重要的线索，这也可能为理解灰尘和生物质燃烧如何影响ICE-T云提供了线索。更广泛的影响。全CCN谱的测量是基础云物理研究的关键。从ICE-T获得的数据将提供给科学界进行进一步分析和使用，例如在建模研究中。CCN的组成和来源的测量对气溶胶和云的相互作用以及气候研究具有更广泛的意义。该项目将支持一名研究生的培训。学生将通过参与实地项目，以及参与后续的科学手稿分析和准备，获得宝贵的学习经验。

The Tropical phase of the Ice in Clouds Experiment (ICE-T) is planned for the summer of 2011 in the Caribbean. The overarching goal of these aircraft field experiments is to determine whether out-of-cloud aerosol measurements can predict cloud ice in tropical mixed-phase clouds. Measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) spectra will be crucial for ICE-T field experiment. In tropical clouds the production of cloud ice depends more heavily on the liquid/warm phase, which is especially prominent in warm, humid environments where cloud bases are low. Ice production by direct and secondary processes is hypothesized to depend on droplet and drop size spectra. More active warm rain processes are thought to enhance ice production; that is large cloud drops tend to promote both warm precipitation and the production of ice. It is well accepted that liquid cloud microphysics depends on the input aerosol - namely CCN.Intellectual merits. In this study, we will conduct both in-situ sampling and post experiment analysis of data taken with two Desert Research Institute's (DRI, University of Nevada) cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) spectrometers during the upcoming ICE-T field campaign. The DRI's CCN spectrometers can provide more complete CCN spectra at high temporal and supersaturation resolution than other available CCN probes. One unique feature of the DRI CCN spectrometers is their wide range of operational supersaturations. Simultaneous measurements of large and giant nuclei, activated at very low supersaturatons (0.001%), are of particular importance for the relatively clean tropical ocean environment in which ICE-T will be conducted. The DRI CCN spectrometers will provide not only detailed, accurate, and complete spectra necessary for such an important endeavor, but they also provide supplementary volatility and CCN size measurements. These additional efforts afford important clues about CCN compositions and origins, which may also provide understandings on how dust and biomass burning affects the ICE-T clouds. Broader Impacts. The measurements of full CCN spectrum are critical for studies on fundamental cloud physics. The data obtained from ICE-T will be available to the scientific community for further analysis and use, such as in modeling studies. The measurements of composition and origin of CCN may have broader implication in studying aerosol and cloud interactions and climate research. The project will support training of a graduate student. The student will gain valuable learning experience by participating in the field project, as well as involving in subsequent analysis and preparation of scientific manuscripts.