Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) Spectral Measurements in the Tropical Phase of the Ice in Clouds Experiment (ICE-T)

计划于2011年夏季在加勒比地区开展云中冰实验的热带阶段。 这些飞机现场实验的首要目标是确定云外气溶胶测量是否可以预测热带混合相云中的云冰。 云凝结核（CCN）谱的测量是ICE-T外场实验的关键。 在热带云中，云冰的产生更多地依赖于液态/暖相，这在云底较低的温暖潮湿环境中尤其突出。 冰生产的直接和二次过程假设取决于液滴和液滴尺寸谱。 更活跃的暖雨过程被认为会增加冰的产生;也就是说，大的云滴往往会促进暖降水和冰的产生。 人们普遍认为，液云微物理学取决于输入的气溶胶-即云凝结核。 在这项研究中，我们将进行原位采样和实验后分析的数据与两个沙漠研究所（DRI，内华达州大学）云凝结核（CCN）光谱仪在即将到来的ICE-T现场活动。 DRI的云凝结核光谱仪可以提供比其他可用的云凝结核探针更完整的高时间和过饱和分辨率的云凝结核光谱。 DRI CCN光谱仪的一个独特功能是其广泛的操作过饱和度。 同时测量在非常低的过饱和度（0.001%）下激活的大核和巨核，对于将进行ICE-T的相对清洁的热带海洋环境特别重要。 DRI CCN光谱仪不仅将提供这种重要奋进所需的详细，准确和完整的光谱，而且还提供补充的挥发性和CCN尺寸测量。 这些额外的努力提供了有关CCN成分和起源的重要线索，这也可能有助于了解灰尘和生物质燃烧如何影响ICE-T云。 更广泛的影响。 云凝结核全谱测量是云物理基础研究的关键。 从ICE-T获得的数据将提供给科学界，供进一步分析和使用，例如用于建模研究。 云凝结核的组成和成因的测量对研究气溶胶和云的相互作用以及气候研究具有广泛的意义。该项目将支持培训一名研究生。 学生将通过参与实地项目获得宝贵的学习经验，以及参与科学手稿的后续分析和准备。

The Tropical phase of the Ice in Clouds Experiment (ICE-T) is planned for the summer of 2011 in the Caribbean. The overarching goal of these aircraft field experiments is to determine whether out-of-cloud aerosol measurements can predict cloud ice in tropical mixed-phase clouds. Measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) spectra will be crucial for ICE-T field experiment. In tropical clouds the production of cloud ice depends more heavily on the liquid/warm phase, which is especially prominent in warm, humid environments where cloud bases are low. Ice production by direct and secondary processes is hypothesized to depend on droplet and drop size spectra. More active warm rain processes are thought to enhance ice production; that is large cloud drops tend to promote both warm precipitation and the production of ice. It is well accepted that liquid cloud microphysics depends on the input aerosol - namely CCN.Intellectual merits. In this study, we will conduct both in-situ sampling and post experiment analysis of data taken with two Desert Research Institute's (DRI, University of Nevada) cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) spectrometers during the upcoming ICE-T field campaign. The DRI's CCN spectrometers can provide more complete CCN spectra at high temporal and supersaturation resolution than other available CCN probes. One unique feature of the DRI CCN spectrometers is their wide range of operational supersaturations. Simultaneous measurements of large and giant nuclei, activated at very low supersaturatons (0.001%), are of particular importance for the relatively clean tropical ocean environment in which ICE-T will be conducted. The DRI CCN spectrometers will provide not only detailed, accurate, and complete spectra necessary for such an important endeavor, but they also provide supplementary volatility and CCN size measurements. These additional efforts afford important clues about CCN compositions and origins, which may also provide understandings on how dust and biomass burning affects the ICE-T clouds. Broader Impacts. The measurements of full CCN spectrum are critical for studies on fundamental cloud physics. The data obtained from ICE-T will be available to the scientific community for further analysis and use, such as in modeling studies. The measurements of composition and origin of CCN may have broader implication in studying aerosol and cloud interactions and climate research. The project will support training of a graduate student. The student will gain valuable learning experience by participating in the field project, as well as involving in subsequent analysis and preparation of scientific manuscripts.