Integrating knowledge and policy for the management of natural resources in international development: The role of boundary organizations

在国际发展中整合自然资源管理的知识和政策：边界组织的作用

• 批准号: 0621004
• 负责人: William Clark
• 金额: $ 33.4万
• 依托单位: Harvard University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-01 至 2009-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0621004&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Integrating; knowledge; policy; management; natural

This project is co-funded by the Studies in Policy, Science, Engineering and Technology and the Social Studies of Science components of the Science and Society Program, with additional support from the Office of International Science and Engineering. The project asks how the choice of institutions for linking practitioners and experts influences knowledge production and its outcomes in the context of a central challenge of sustainability: improving the management of natural resources. The project seeks to apply, evaluate and extend existing scholarly findings on "boundary organizations" as institutional means for facilitating the collaboration among researchers and users in the production of knowledge for natural resource management in the developing world. The scholarship on "boundary organizations" examines the dynamics and consequences of alternative institutional arrangements for facilitating collaboration among researchers, users, and intermediary bodies in the integration of knowledge and policy. Little attention has been given to the complex networks of experts, practitioners and intermediaries that characterize science-based policy for international development. Less has been given to power asymmetries among stakeholders that characterize most sustainable development problems in the developing world. The scholarly questions addressed by this project are: To what extent does the existing boundary organization framework illuminate the role of institutions in the multi-party, power-embedded negotiations characteristic of efforts to implement science-based sustainability strategies in international development? How can the existing boundary organization framework be generalized to cover this important class of expert-practitioner collaborations in knowledge production? This project explores the role of boundary organizations in the context of one of the principal science-intensive challenges facing sustainable development. It focuses on policy innovations for improving natural resource: "payments for environmental services" (PES) designed to simultaneously mitigate poverty and enhance conservation. PES approaches require broad political support to have a chance of success, but also require knowledge of the nature and value of services actually provided by alternative resource use decisions, of the opportunity costs to resource users of decisions that provide services to others, and of actual resource use patterns. To mobilize or create such shared knowledge often requires collaborations among researchers, policy practitioners, resource users and intermediaries operating at scales from the global to local. The practical question the project addresses is: What kind of boundary organizations can best promote the shared knowledge production needed for effective and equitable policies for natural resource management, in particular for science-intensive policies such as those involving payments for environmental services? The project approaches these questions through the comparative analysis of initiatives now underway in Asia to create mechanisms that reward the upland poor for the environmental services they provide (RUPES). RUPES mobilizes scientific research and local knowledge at 15 sites across SE Asia to characterize the impacts of land use practices on local livelihoods and on environmental services at multiple scales. The project analyzes covariation in the structure and outcomes of boundary organizations employed by RUPES sites for natural resource management (NRM). The project will generalize existing "western" concepts of boundary organizations to encompass the broader range of extended, multi-scale, asymmetrically empowered collaborations typical of efforts to harness science and technology to support international development. It would also broaden perspectives of ongoing programs of research on "Mode-2" knowledge production. The project will enhance RUPES' ongoing assessment - sharpening the lessons it learns regarding boundary organizations; increase the capacity of professionals working on science-based NRM strategies to bring together experts and practitioners; and build key human capital. More broadly, it will promote the integration of knowledge and policy for natural resource management.

该项目由科学和社会计划的政策、科学、工程和技术研究以及科学和社会部分的社会研究共同资助，并得到国际科学和工程办公室的额外支持。该项目询问，在可持续发展的一个核心挑战：改进自然资源管理的背景下，将从业人员和专家联系起来的机构的选择如何影响知识生产及其成果。该项目寻求应用、评价和推广关于“边界组织”的现有学术成果，以此作为促进研究人员和用户在为发展中世界的自然资源管理创造知识方面进行协作的体制手段。关于“边界组织”的学术研究为促进研究人员、用户和中介机构之间在整合知识和政策方面的合作而作出的替代体制安排的动态和后果。很少有人注意到以科学为基础的国际发展政策所特有的专家、从业人员和中间人组成的复杂网络。利益攸关方之间的权力不对称是发展中世界大多数可持续发展问题的特征，但对这种不对称给予的关注较少。该项目涉及的学术问题是：现有的边界组织框架在多大程度上说明了各机构在多方谈判中的作用，这些谈判的特点是在国际发展中执行以科学为基础的可持续战略的努力？如何推广现有的边界组织框架，以涵盖知识生产中的这一重要类别的专家-实践者合作？该项目探讨了边界组织在可持续发展面临的主要科学密集型挑战之一的背景下的作用。它侧重于改善自然资源的政策创新：旨在同时减轻贫困和加强保护的“环境服务付款”(PES)。PES办法需要广泛的政治支持才有成功的机会，但也需要了解替代资源使用决定实际提供的服务的性质和价值、向他人提供服务的决定给资源使用者带来的机会成本以及实际的资源使用模式。要调动或创造这种共享的知识，往往需要研究人员、政策实践者、资源使用者和从全球到地方各级运作的中介机构之间的协作。该项目解决的实际问题是：什么样的边界组织能够最好地促进有效和公平的自然资源管理政策所需的共享知识生产，特别是科学密集型政策，如涉及环境服务付款的政策？该项目通过对亚洲目前正在开展的创建奖励旱地穷人提供环境服务的机制的倡议的比较分析来解决这些问题(RUPS)。RUPS动员东南亚15个地点的科学研究和当地知识，在多个尺度上描述土地利用做法对当地生计和环境服务的影响。该项目分析了RUPES站点用于自然资源管理的边界组织的结构和成果的协变性。该项目将推广现有的边界组织的“西方”概念，以涵盖利用科学和技术支持国际发展的努力所特有的更广泛的、多规模、非对称授权的合作。它还将拓宽正在进行的“模式2”知识生产研究方案的视野。该项目将加强RUPS正在进行的评估--加强其在边界组织方面的经验教训；提高从事以科学为基础的自然资源管理战略的专业人员的能力，将专家和实践者聚集在一起；并建立关键的人力资本。更广泛地说，它将促进自然资源管理知识和政策的整合。