A New Approach to the Design and Optimization of Energy Efficient Chemical Processes

摘要：机构：罗德岛大学提案编号：0624889题目：一种设计和优化节能化工过程的新方法项目摘要。该项目是一种新的方法来合成，设计和优化节能化工过程。 能源成本的迅速上升和美国对外国石油的依赖，促使人们对住宅和商业用途的能源保护和管理重新产生了兴趣。 化学工业中的能源使用主要是分离成本，特别是蒸馏成本。 美国估计有40，000个蒸馏塔，消耗了制造业所有能源的约18%。 最近的估计将这一使用量定为2.4千英热单位/年。 然而，蒸馏可能是最通用的分离方法，因此将继续以某种能力使用，以满足各种分离需求。 因此，用于总体能量效率的新的合成和设计方法应当将用于寻找分离中的最低能量需求的现有知识基础扩展到涉及多个单元的过程（例如，混合分离方案和反应/分离/再循环方法）。 这就是本书所采用的方法。在这项工作中提出的方法使用了一个从后到前的设计理念的基础上最短的分离线的新概念。 通过基于最短分离线的新的全局优化公式，该方法1）根据分离线的长度提供了对最小能量要求的简明和清晰的解释，该分离线是通用的并且适用于涉及任何数量的组分和单元操作的过程。2）在混合分离合成和反应器合成和设计中具有类似的解释。3）代表了在存在进料、鞍点或切向夹点的情况下，用于找到最小流量和最小能量要求的现有方法的统一。4）可以识别具有多个单元的过程的正确处理目标（例如，反应器，5）可以容易地找到不对应于分离夹点的最小能量解决方案。6）可以容易地与其他合成方法结合，例如用于反应器的可达到区域方法，用于同时设计能量有效的多单元过程。7）优化反向分离导致能量消耗降低的条件。8）可以（并将）用于建立最长和最短的分离线是统一的几何原则，为能源效率的化学过程的设计。9）提供了一种新的直观的方法，用于教学，实践和传播过程设计中的能源效率的各个方面，可以被从业者和公众所理解。该项目将提供1）易于纳入高中指导计划的教育模块和具有能源成分的课程（例如，本科生质量传递和阶段式分离、顶点设计课程、过程控制、研究生水平设计）。2）来自代表性不足的群体的罗得岛市中心的高中生，他们具有对社会重要的研究经验（即，5）通过访问和在高中的公开讲座以及在档案期刊和会议记录上的出版物以及在国家和国际会议上的口头和海报介绍，广泛传播新的研究概念和成果，6）在整个化学工业中实现潜在的大量减少能源使用的一种手段，以造福社会。

ABSTRACTPI: Angelo Lucia Institution: University of Rhode IslandProposal Number: 0624889Title: A New Approach to the Design and Optimization of Energy Efficient Chemical ProcessesProject Summary. This project is a new approach to the synthesis, design and optimization of energy efficient chemical processes. The rapidly rising costs of energy and U.S. dependence on foreign oil have prompted renewed interest in energy conservation and stewardship in both residential and commercial use. Energy use in the chemical industries is dominated by the cost of separation, particularly distillation. There are an estimated 40,000 distillation columns in the U.S. that consume approximately 18% of all of the energy in the manufacturing sector. Recent estimates put this use at 2.4 quadrillion Btu/yr. However, distillation is perhaps the most versatile means of separation and thus will continue to be used in some capacity to address a wide variety of separation needs. Therefore, new synthesis and design methodologies for overall energy efficiency should extend the current knowledge base for finding minimum energy requirements in separations to processes involving multiple units (e.g., hybrid separation schemes and reaction/separation/recycle processes). This is the approach adopted in this work.Intellectual Merit. The methodology proposed in this work uses a back-to-front design philosophy based on the novel concept of shortest separation lines. Through new global optimization formulations based on shortest separation lines, the methodology1) Provides a concise and clear interpretation of minimum energy requirements in terms of the length of the separation line that is general and applicable to processes involving any number of components and unit operations.2) Has analogous interpretation in hybrid separation synthesis and reactor synthesis and design.3) Represents a unification of existing methodologies for finding minimum flows and minimum energy requirements in the presence of feed, saddle point or tangent pinch points.4) Can identify correct processing targets for processes with multiple units (e.g., reactors, other separators) such that overall energy consumption is minimized.5) Can easily find minimum energy solutions that do not correspond to separation pinch points.6) Can be readily combined with other synthesis methods such as the attainable regions approach for reactors for the simultaneous design of energy efficient multi-unit processes.7) Establishes conditions under which reverse separation results in a reduction in energy consumption.8) Can (and will) be used to establish that longest and shortest separation lines are unifying geometric principles for the design of energy efficient chemical processes.9) Provides a new intuitive methodology for teaching, practice, and dissemination of various aspects of energy efficiency in process design that can be understood by practitioners and the general public alike.Broader Impacts. The project will be providing1) Educational modules that are easily incorporated within mentoring programs at the high school level and courses that have an energy component (e.g., undergraduate mass transfer and stage-wise separations, capstone design courses, process control, graduate level design).2) Inner-city Rhode Island high school students from underrepresented groups with experiences in research important to society (i.e., energy conservation) and by exposing them to careers in chemical engineering.5) Broad dissemination of novel research concepts and results through visits and public lectures at high schools as well as publications in archival journals and conference proceedings as well as oral and poster presentations at national and international conferences, and seminars at other academic and industrial organizations.6) A means of achieving potentially substantial reductions in energy use throughout the chemical industry for the overall benefit of society.